Answer and Explanation:
The retina covers the internal phase of the eye. It characterizes by its complex interaction between many morphologically and functionally different cells, which are located in many layers. The principal processing mechanism in the retina is lateral interactions among cells, and the most common lateral processing is lateral inhibition.
Photoreceptors are those cells that receive the light and translate the luminous signal into an electrical signal. These are the cones and sticks.
The horizontal cells intervene in the lateral spatial interaction between photoreceptors.
Bipolar cells receive information from the photoreceptors and from the horizontal cells and transmit it to the most internal layers in the retina.
The retina is stratified into five layers. One of these is the external plexiform layer, a contact zone between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and other cells.
In the vertebrates´ retina, the lateral inhibition is produced for the first time in the external plexiform layer, through the horizontal cells. These cells connect to photoreceptors, other horizontal cells, and bipolar cells. The connection between horizontal cells might reduce or amplify the photoreceptor answer, and this last one is transmitted by the bipolar cells to the interior of the retina. In photoreceptors, there are two connections to horizontal cells, a direct connection, and an indirect one. The connection between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells is known as lateral inhibition. By this inhibition, photoreceptors allow the contrasting perception in an image. Lateral inhibition allows discriminating one stimulus from other stimuli, by enhancing contrast and definition. The inhibitory modulation is produced by the inhibitor neurotransmitter GABA.The spacial extension of lateral inhibition changes according to the adaptation to light. Gap junction between horizontal cells and between photoreceptors and horizontal cells might vary with the amount of light.
When you are running at high intensity many body systems are being influenced by running and providing some responses in your body.
Running stimulates the cardio respiratory system, making your heart work harder by pumping a large amount of blood into your body, the blood flow starts to be fast and to compensate for this effort you will have to breathe more, taking more oxygen for your organs and tissues.
The muscular and bone systems are stimulated and trained providing greater resistance and strength for your muscles and lower bones.
During the run, the urinary system is also affected, because running is able to improve kidney function, allowing the expulsion of toxic substances from your body to be done more efficiently.
Finally, running stimulates the endocrine system by causing it to release hormones of well-being and relaxation that help you rest and feel good after running.
1. The elements that are most abundant in living organisms are <span>oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The answer to your question is D.
2. </span>Carbon is so abundant in living things when oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth because carbon atoms can bond with one another to make chains and cyclic structures whereas oxygen atoms cannot form chains or cyclic structures. <span>The answer to your question is A.
3. </span>A protein is different from a complex carbohydrate because the monomers that make up a protein vary whereas the monomers that make up a complex carbohydrate are all the same. <span>The answer to your question is A.
4. The </span>macromolecules which would have to be discovered in this creature before scientists could suggest that life on Earth and life on Mars have similar methods for storing and transmitting genetic information is the polynucleotide. <span>The answer to your question is D.
5. The </span>type of macromolecule that might be is <span>lipid. </span>The answer to your question is C.
I am hoping that this answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help you in your endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.
The right option is; unsecured loan
Zachary's student loans are an example of unsecured loan.
An unsecured loan is a type of loan that is given and supported only by the borrower’s reliability without being protected by any collateral. If an individual is unable to pay the loan, the lender cannot take his or her property. Types of unsecured loan include student loans, credit cards and personal loans.
A firefighter wakes up in the middle of the night to the sound of an alarm. it is likely that her adrenal glands have released epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The medulla of the adrenal glands secrete the hormone epinephrine, which is also known as adrenaline. Epinephrine is released into the bloodstreams when a person experiences strong fight or flight emotions. This leads to an increase in the rate of the heart beat, muscle contraction and movement.
