The process is called peer review. Scientists are obligated to publish their research in scientific journals. The number of publications a scientist has will impact his or her career path and advancement. When a scientist finishes a study, he/she and his/her collaborators will write a manuscript outlining and discussing the results of the study. This manuscript will be sent to a journal for publishing. There are usually several journals publishing within each field, with some more prestigious than others, as indicated by an impact factor. Journals such as Science and Nature have the highest impact factor as they have the greatest readership. The editor of the journal will send the manuscript off to other scientists working in the same field, and will ask them to 'peer review' the manuscript to determine whether the paper deserves publication, whether it requires corrections, or whether is should be rejected outright. Ideally, papers should be rejected because of bad science, and not because the results contradict previous studies or current scientific theory.
The correct answer is option (d) atmosphere.
Fossil fuels are the hydrocarbons formed in the geological past, derived from the remains of dead plants and animals. They include the coal, fuel gas and the natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the greatest contributor of carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere. This results in the pollution of air in the atmosphere resulting in the formation of smog. Carbon dioxide being a green house gas, affects the atmosphere and causes green house effect leading to global warming and climate changes.
The burning of fossil fuels affects the geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere indirectly due to its primary direct effect on the atmosphere. Thus, atmosphere is directly affected by the burning of fossil fuels.
Answer:
E) 2
Explanation:
The energy transfer through the food chain is not 100% from one consumer to another, or from the producer to the primary consumer, but instead it is around 10%. This means that if a producer has the 100% of energy, as it is the one that produces it, the primary consumer will only get 10% of its energy while consuming it, while the predator of the the primary consumer will only 10% from the primary consumer, or rather only 1% from the energy of the producer. In this case we have 200 kg of plant material. The plant material represents a producer, thus it is the one with 100% of energy. A herbivore will eat the plant material, getting 10% of its energy, thus this plant material is supporting about 20 kg of herbivore. The predator of the herbivore gets only 10% from the herbivore's energy, or only 1% of the producer's energy, thus only 2 kg of predator can be supported by the initial plant material.
