Answer:
Explanation:
Q1
Purchase-to-Pay
Potential fraud risks include (a) an employee initiating purchase orders (P.O.) for goods and services that are diverted for personal use and (b) an employee setting up a “phantom” vendor account, through which fraudulent invoices are processed and payments are made to the employee.
In these situations, fraud tests can detect if the same individual both enters and approves a P.O. or if an individual enters or approves multiple “split” P.O.’s, just under an authorized limit. Other evidence that can be discovered includes whether the delivery address for goods or services is the same as an employee’s, whether the goods being purchased are typically consumer items, or whether the vendor master file information (address, bank account, etc.) is the same as that of an employee.
Corporate Credit Cards
A common fraud risk is an employee using a corporate credit card for personal gain instead of legitimate corporate purchases or travel and entertainment expenses.
Fraud tests can detect purchasing cards (P-Cards) being used to acquire goods and services from vendors with suspect merchant codes (e.g., home supplies, personal entertainment, etc.) and corporate cards being used by employees on weekends or while the employee is on vacation. Additionally, tests can determine whether fuel is purchased in unusually large quantities, mileage charges are made in the same period as rental-car charges, and corporate-card transactions are approved by the card holder.
Payroll
Payroll fraud can consist of (a) “phantom” employees being set up on payroll systems; (b) excessive overtime payments; and (c) employees remaining on the payroll after death or termination.
Q2
Payroll
Payroll fraud can consist of (a) “phantom” employees being set up on payroll systems; (b) excessive overtime payments; and (c) employees remaining on the payroll after death or termination.
Q3
It is vital to an organization, large or small, to have a fraud prevention plan in place. The fraud cases studied in the ACFE 2014 Report revealed that the fraudulent activities studied lasted an average of 18 months before being detected. Imagine the type of loss your company could suffer with an employee committing fraud for a year and a half. Luckily, there are ways you can minimize fraud occurrences by implementing different procedures and controls.
Q4
Demystifying Valuation, Economic Damages + Forensic Accounting
