Information sharing reduces information lead time, enabling each organization to plan according to end demand and not according to the orders placed immediately downstream.
Explanation:
The Bullwhip effect is a trend of the distribution channel where estimates result of inefficiencies in the supply chain. Of reaction to fluctuations the market demand the inventory swings are growing, as the supply chain continues to grow.
The effect of the bullfight generally flows up the supply chain, starting from the retailer, wholesaler, dealer, producer and then the supplier of the raw materials.
This method does not include daily fluctuations to run level. Another way of reducing the bullwhip effect is by eliminating the delays along the supply chain. In general, the fluctuations in the supply chain can be reduced by 80% by cutting order to supply time by half in both real supply chains and supply chain simulations
Earnings Management is the purposeful control of an organization's income through the abuse of bookkeeping strategies to pick up an advantage for the organization to the detriment of the individuals who depend on the monetary data. It is tangibly deceptive and distorts the money related soundness of the organization.
Earnings Management isn't worthy under any situation where the goal is to bamboozle clients of the money related proclamations. Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, anybody, regardless of whether straightforwardly or by implication, who distorts data regardless of the possibility that insignificant, is liable to an assortment of solutions for amending the circumstance per government securities laws. In the hazy area of GAAP, organizations can utilize the decision of devaluation strategies or stock valuation techniques and any adjustments in those strategies as long as they are unveiled. Any strategy changes in bookkeeping techniques are adequate as long as the monetary explanations are rehashed to demonstrate the impact of the change. The motivation behind a review is to give a sentiment to clients of money related articulations that the monetary proclamations are exhibited decently.
Answer:
Task a:
The answer is $24,500.
Task b:
The answer is 17%
Explanation:
<h2>Task a:</h2><h3>What is the maximum amount of new capital that can be raised at the LOWEST component cost of EQUITY?</h3><h3>Solution:</h3>
We already know the following:
Projected net income = $21,000
Payout ratio = 30%
Retention ratio = 70%
Debt share = 40%
Equity share = 60%
Maximum amount of capital to be raised at the lowest component cost of equity = Projected net income ×
= $21,000 × 
= $24,500
<h3>Answer:</h3>
The maximum amount of new capital that can be raised at the lowest component of equity is $24,500.
<h2>Task b:</h2><h3>What is the component cost of equity by selling new common stock?</h3><h3>Solution:</h3>
k(e) (component cost of external equity) = [Dividend (D0)(1 + growth) / stock price(1 - flotation cost)] + growth
Formula:
k(e) = 
+ 0.05
Where
Do = $2.00
G = 0.05
P = $21/88
= ($2.00(1 + 0.05) / $21.88(1-.20)) + 0.05
= ($2.10/$21.88(1-.20)) + 0.05
= ($2.10/$21.88(0.80) + 0.05
= 0.17 or 17%
<h3>Answer: </h3>
The component cost of equity by selling new common stock = 17%
Answer:
Market survey
Explanation:
For Donna to open a new business in which she will be successful and very profitable she needs to know what problem/need her new business/product can solve in the society. this is very important to know before engaging in any form of business because businesses that solve problem/needs of its community tend to strive better even in a bad economy.
The best marketing strategy to determine this need/want is called Market survey. this survey can be carried out by creating a one page questionnaire about her intended product and post/send it to the relevant audience for appropriate feedback and also to professionals in her intended product. the feedback she gets from the questionnaire will help inform her on the best product to sell.
Answer: Ethical Obligations and Decision-Making in Accounting-The Heading is devoted to helping students cultivate the ethical commitment needed to ensure that their work meets the highest standards of integrity, independence, and objectivity.
* This program is designed to provide instructors with the flexibility and pedagogical effectiveness, and includes numerous features designed to make both learning and teaching easier.
Explanation: The first, addressed in Part I, is the administrative cost of deregulation, which has grown substantially under the Telecommunications Act of 1996.Part II addresses the consequences of the FCC's use of a competitor-welfare standard when formulating its policies for local competition, rather than a consumer-welfare standard. I evaluate the reported features of the FCC's decision in its Triennial Review. Press releases and statements concerning that decision suggest that the FCC may have finally embraced a consumer-welfare approach to mandatory unbundling at TELRIC prices. The haphazard administrative process surrounding the FCC's decision, however, increases the likelihood of reversal on appeal.Beginning in Part III, I address at greater length the WorldCom fraud and bankruptcy. I offer an early assessment of the harm to the telecommunications industry from WorldCom's fraud and bankruptcy. I explain how WorldCom's misconduct caused collateral damage to other telecommunications firms, government, workers, and the capital markets. WorldCom's false Internet traffic reports and accounting fraud encouraged overinvestment in long-distance capacity and Internet backbone capacity. Because Internet traffic data are proprietary and WorldCom dominated Internet backbone services, and because WorldCom was subject to regulatory oversight, it was reasonable for rival carriers to believe WorldCom's misrepresentation of Internet traffic growth. Event study analysis suggests that the harm to rival carriers and telecommunications equipment manufacturers from WorldCom's restatement of earnings was $7.8 billion. WorldCom's false or fraudulent statements also supplied state and federal governments with incorrect information essential to the formulation of telecommunication policy. State and federal governments, courts, and regulatory commissions would thus be justified in applying extreme skepticism to future representations made by WorldCom.Part IV explains how WorldCom's fraud and bankruptcy may have been intended to harm competition, and in the future may do so, by inducing exit (or forfeiture of market share) by the company's rivals. WorldCom repeatedly deceived investors, competitors, and regulators with false statements about its Internet traffic projections and financial performance. At a minimum, WorldCom's fraudulent or false
