Answer: the contestants and observers thought the questioners were more knowledgeable than the contestants.
Explanation: Ross et al published a paper in the journal of personality and social psychology in 1977 titled
"Social Roles, Social Control, and Biases in Social-Perception Processes". They demonstrated that our actions and perceptions are determined by roles we have to play in interpersonal encounters; this is the biasing effect social roles have on performance.
In this instance the observers and the contestants perceived the questioners as having superior knowledge as the questioners were given latitude in how they frame the questions. Due to their social roles, the questioners were "the powerful" while the contestants and observers were "the powerless" playing out their roles and not taking into account the biasing effect.
If the roles were switched around, the outcome would still be the same with each group irrespective of their actual ability and knowledge.
The answer to this question is: Valid
For example, let's say that a researcher wants to study the psychology of motivation as a variable.
In this case, motivation does not possess a measurable standard that could be used as data, so the researcher could only predict thte amount of motivation through the amount of job done (but this data is reliable because motivation is only on of the many factors that may influenced it)
Therapist’s suggestion reflects learning perspective.
Explanation:
The therapist’s suggestion reflects learning perspective because on the basis of Andrea’s past experience due to which she has fear of extreme anxiety when approaching any lake.
The learning perspective is always provides a solid and genuine information on the basis of which a doctor or any other person form a statement which has a linked the person in or her in present life.
On the basis of Andrea’s past experience, therapist told that she has anxiety because of her childhood accident which she faced.
Answer:
C. systematic desensitization
Explanation:
systematic desensitization is a form of behavioral treatment that is carried out by exposing the patients to the source of fear in a controlled manner. The intensity of the exposure usually will start really small and will be increased as the treatment goes on. Over time, the patient will be used to confronting the source of fear and the fear will eventually reduced / went away.
This can be seen in what the Therapist did to Kayla. He asked her to think about her fears and tried to relax in that situation before eventually move up to asking her to use crowded elevators to conform her fear of closed spaces.
