Answer:
b.  female genital mutilation
Explanation:
Female genital mutilation - 
It is the method by which the female genitalia is partially or completely removed , which is carried out without any medical reasons. 
These practices are performed during the very young age of children birth , and there is possibility that in future , it might hamper the female body , during childbirth. 
Hence, from the given scenario of the question, 
 Mirembe's complications were most likely a result of female genital mutilation .