Unregulated and uncontrolled cell growth is the most common simple definition of cancer. Because of the many types of cancers and a huge range of possible symptoms, treatments are also very diverse. Type of treatment also depends on cancer stage at diagnosis, and the patient's overall health. Some forms of treatment:
• Chemotherapy-usage of chemicals (medications) that target rapidly uncontrolled dividing cells,
• Hormone therapy
• Immunotherapy-usage of the medications that boost the immune system
• Radiation therapy-usage of radiation to kill the cancer cells
• Surgery
• New approaches such as stem cell therapy or personalized therapy.
The process is called peer review. Scientists are obligated to publish their research in scientific journals. The number of publications a scientist has will impact his or her career path and advancement. When a scientist finishes a study, he/she and his/her collaborators will write a manuscript outlining and discussing the results of the study. This manuscript will be sent to a journal for publishing. There are usually several journals publishing within each field, with some more prestigious than others, as indicated by an impact factor. Journals such as Science and Nature have the highest impact factor as they have the greatest readership. The editor of the journal will send the manuscript off to other scientists working in the same field, and will ask them to 'peer review' the manuscript to determine whether the paper deserves publication, whether it requires corrections, or whether is should be rejected outright. Ideally, papers should be rejected because of bad science, and not because the results contradict previous studies or current scientific theory.
Answer:
negative, inhibition
Explanation:
The experiment in the illustration shows that early succession plants have a <u>negative </u>effect on the late succession plants, and the observation is most consistent with the <u>inhibition</u> model of succession.
<em>That the late succession plant thrives better in the absence of the early succession plants means that the early succession plant has been impacting the growth of the late succession plant negatively. This is consistent with the inhibition model of succession.</em>
There are 3 different models of succession. These include;
- Facilitation model in which colonists modify the environment to favor the growth of later successional species.
- Tolerance model in which early colonists' modification of the environment has no positive or negative impact on the growth of later successional species.
- Inhibition model in which early colonists modify the environment to inhibit the growth of later successional species.
