Answer:
Since the gene mutates at a rate of 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years, to find out the time it would take for 1 base pair to mutate can be calculated by dividing 17.1 million years by 0.76
17,100,000 ÷ 0.76 = 22.5 million years
The following equation can be used to describe this:
μ = [(r2/N2) − (r1/N1)] × ln (N2/N1) = (f1 − f2) × ln (N2/N1)
r1 = the observed number of mutants at time point 1
r2 = the observed number of mutants at the next time point
N1 and N2 are the numbers of cells at time points 1 and 2
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
Answer:
Between ph7 and ph 11
Explanation:
The optimum pH level for this is at pH7 because the number achieved was 350 product molecules per Minute
Answer:
As the diagram is not given, hence let's generally describe the movement of molecules along the cell membrane.
Molecules can either pass through the cell without using energy through the process of passive transport. An example includes molecules of oxygen.
Molecules which are large and un-polar cannot move through the cell membrane easily. These molecules will require energy to move through the cell membrane. These molecules might move in with the help of the carrier or facilitated proteins. Examples include molecules of glucose.
Answer:
The wastes or run off of the industrial farming enters the water and nearby cultivated crops, this waste consist of chemicals and pesticides mostly, that are the cause of destruction of not only the cultivated crops but also the useful soil-borne rhizoshpere bacteria too. On the other hand climate change impacting from emission of greenhouse gases, increase air pollution and also cause deforestation. Such circumstances could all lead to the extinction of important crops.
In order to avoid these problems, proper waste management systems should be developed to dispose the waste of industries and others at area that is far from the population or cultivation. The climate change resulting from the pollution could be avoided by the use of filtered products for the smokes, so that filter could absorb harmful substances and the smoke released in air would not be that much toxic. Moreover, there is the need to identify and grow such crops that can adapt these environmental changes.
Answer:
Lysogenic replication cycle is one unique process in T7 virus replication.
Explanation:
The T7 virus is a virus that attacks bacteria ( bacteriophage). Unlike other viruses (plants and animals viruses), it replicates within the host cell by means of two cycles: the lytic replication cycle and the lysogenic replication cycle.
Virulent phages replicate through the lytic replication cell and this lead to the death of the cell through cell lysis.
The lysogenic replication cycle involves bacteriophages known as temperate bacteriophages. Temperate bacteriophages can become part of a host chromosome forming a prophage. The prophage replicates with the formation of daughter cells with incorporated viral genetic materials until when induced to enter into the lytic stage thereby producing new viruses which then exit the host cell by cell lysis.
This process of incorporation into the host cell genome is known as lysogenic replication and is unique to the bacteriophages.
