If purple is dominant, the genotype of the purple flower could be PP or Pp, as both would give a purple colour. However, if the crossed flower turned out to be white, we could say with certainty that the genotype of the purple flower is Pp as the genotype of the white crossed flower would be pp, which would not be possible if the purple flower's genotype was PP.
The public is upset with the farms’ unnatural farming practices.
I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
It permits calcium to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum and enter the cytosol. During muscle contraction, the binding of acetylcholine initiates an excitatory impulse, which is transmitted to the deep of the muscle via T tubules. T tubules are the invaginations of cell membranes of muscle cells (sarcolemma). When the action potential travel down the t-tubules, they change shape and allow the calcium ions to enter into the sarcoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
First, we need to solve for the common ratio from the data given by using the equation.
a(n) = a(1) r^(n-1)
1024 = 4 r^(9-1)
256 = r^8
r = 256^(1/8)
r = 2
Then, we can find the sum by the expression:
S(n) = a(1) ( 1 - r^n) / 1-r
S(9) = 4 (1 - 2^9) / 1-2
S(9) = 2044
Therefore, the correct answer from the choices listed above is option B.
