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pantera1 [17]
2 years ago
4

Consider a 25-mm-diameter and 15-m-long smooth tube that is used for heating fluids. The wall is heated electrically to provide

a constant surface heat flux along the entire tube. Fluids enter the tube at 508C and exit at 1508C. If the mass flow rate is maintained at 0.01 kg/s, determine the convection heat transfer coefficients at the tube outlet for water, engine oil, and liquid mercury.
Engineering
1 answer:
murzikaleks [220]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Water: h = 35.53 W/m².k

Engine oil: h = 18.84 W/m².k

Mercury: h = 1.19 W/m².k

Explanation:

Assuming the steady state, one-dimensional heat flow, it is clear that the added to the fluid by tube heat will be equal to the heat transfer through convection outside the tube.

Therefore,

mCΔT = hAΔT

mC = hA

h = mC/A

where,

h = convection coefficient

m = mass flow rate =  0.01 kg/s

C = specific heat capacity of fluid

A = surface area of tube = 2πrL = 2π(0.0125 m)(15 m) = 1.178 m²

<u>FOR WATER</u>:

C = 4186 J/Kg.k

Therefore,

h = (0.01 kg/s)(4186 J/Kg.k)/(1.178 m²)

<u>h = 35.53 W/m².k</u>

<u></u>

<u>FOR ENGINE OIL</u>:

C = 2220 J/Kg.k

Therefore,

h = (0.01 kg/s)(2220 J/Kg.k)/(1.178 m²)

<u>h = 18.84 W/m².k</u>

<u></u>

<u>FOR LIQUID MERCURY</u>:

C = 140 J/Kg.k

Therefore,

h = (0.01 kg/s)(140 J/Kg.k)/(1.178 m²)

<u>h = 1.19 W/m².k</u>

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A ________ is only achieved through control and involves a specific change in one event (dependent variable) that can reliably b
prohojiy [21]

Answer:

Functional Relationship

Explanation:

A functional relationship is only achieved through control and involves a specific change in one event (dependent variable) that can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (independent variable), and the change in the dependent variable is unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors (confounding variables

6 0
2 years ago
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY 2.8.1: Using constants in expressions. The cost to ship a package is a flat fee of 75 cents plus 25 cents per
mihalych1998 [28]

Answer:

Weight(lb): 10

Flat fee(cents): 75

Cents per pound: 25

Shipping cost(cents): 325

Explanation:

we run this as a jave programming language

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Shipping Calculator {

   public static void main (String [] args) {

       int shipWeightPounds = 10;

       int shipCostCents = 0;

       final int FLAT_FEE_CENTS = 75;

       

        final int CENTS_PER_POUND = 25;

       shipCostCents = FLAT_FEE_CENTS + CENTS_PER_POUND * shipWeightPound

       /* look up the solutioin above */

       System.out.println("Weight(lb): " + shipWeightPounds);

       System.out.println("Flat fee(cents): " + FLAT_FEE_CENTS);

       System.out.println("Cents per pound: " + CENTS_PER_POUND);

       System.out.println("Shipping cost(cents): " + shipCostCents);

   }

}

7 0
2 years ago
Write multiple if statements: If carYear is before 1967, print "Probably has few safety features." (without quotes). If after 19
Free_Kalibri [48]

Answer:

The solution code is written in Python 3.

  1. carYear = 1995
  2. if(carYear < 1967):
  3.    print("Probably has few safety features.\n")
  4. if(carYear > 1970):
  5.    print("Probably has head rests. \n")
  6. if(carYear > 1991):
  7.    print("Probably has electronic stability control.\n")
  8. if(carYear > 2002):
  9.    print("Probably has airbags. \n")

Explanation:

Firstly, create a variable, <em>carYear</em> to hold the value of year of the car make. (Line 1)

Next, create multiple if statements as required by the question (Line 3-13). The operator "<" denotes "smaller" and therefore <em>carYear < 1967</em> means any year before 1967. On another hand, the operator ">" denotes "bigger" and therefore <em>carYear > 1970 </em>means any year after 1970.

The print statement in each of the if statements is done using the Python built-in function <em>print()</em>. The "\n" is an escape sequence that create a new line at the end of each printed phrase.

5 0
2 years ago
A person puts a few apples into the freezer at -15oC to cool them quickly for guests who are about to arrive. Initially, the app
frosja888 [35]

Answer:

Temperature at center of apples = 11.2⁰C

Temperature at surface of apples = 2.7⁰C

Amount of Heat transferred = 17.2kJ

Explanation:

The properties of apple are given as:

k = 0.418 W/m.°C

ρ = 840 kg/m³

Cр = 3.81 kJ/kg.°C

α = 1.3*10 ⁻⁷ m²/s

h = 8 W/m².°C

d = 0.09m

r = 0.045m

t = 1 hour = 3600s

<h2>Solution</h2>

Biot number is given as:

Bi = \frac{hr}{k}= \frac{8\cdot0.045}{0.418}=0.861

The constants λ₁ and A₁ corresponding to Biot number (from the table) are:

λ₁ = 1.476

A₁ = 1.239

Fourier Number is:

T = \frac{a\cdot{t}}{r^2} = \frac{(1.3\cdot10^{-7})(3600)}{0.045^2}= 0.231> 0.2

As Fourier Number > 0.2 , one term approximates solutions are applicable

The temperature at the center of apples, The temperature at surface of apples and Amount of heat transfer is found in the ATTACHMENT.

8 0
2 years ago
A 10-m long steel linkage is to be designed so that it can transmit 2 kN of force without stretching more than 5 mm nor having a
Fed [463]

Answer:

<em>minimum required diameter of the steel linkage is 3.57 mm</em>

<em></em>

Explanation:

original length of linkage l = 10 m

force to be transmitted  f = 2 kN = 2000 N

extension e = 5 mm= 0.005 m

maximum stress σ = 200 N/mm^2 = 2*10^{8}  N/m^{2}

maximum stress allowed on material σ = force/area

imputing values,

200 = 2000/area

area = 2000/(2*10^{8}) = 10^{-5} m^2

recall that area = \pi d^{2} /4

10^{-5} = \frac{3.142*d^{2} }{4} = 0.7855d^{2}

d^{2} = \frac{10^{-5} }{0.7855} = 1.273*10^{-5}

d = \sqrt{1.273*10^{-5}  } = 3.57*10^{-3} m = 3.57 mm

<em>maximum diameter of  the steel linkage d = 3.57 mm</em>

4 0
2 years ago
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