Answer:
Andrew Carnegie was extremely wealthy having built a personal fortune from steel. He was a philanthropist and believed in giving back to the community but he still maintained control of where and how to donate. The kind of projects he prioritized did little to directly help the class of people who struggle daily like coal miners.
Explanation:
Andrew Carnegie was known as a philanthropist, he felt it was his duty or obligation to give back to the community as a wealthy person. But he was also the wealthiest man in the world in 1901 when he retired. There is a big disparity between his life and the life of average coal miner who had to struggle in the mines and risked their health and lives because the earnings were a bit higher than other options for the poorer or working class at the time, particularly where there was coal mining in the Appalachians and around Pittsburgh, for example. This philanthropic view was not ethical because it was the wealthy man himself who still decided where the money was to be donated or invested and in the kind of services it would provide. Carnegie donated to museums and libraries in the Pittsburgh area for example, and while valuable in themselves they do little to improve the quality of life for working class people directly, like coal miners. Although Carnegie did respond personally to some families in the Harwick Mine Disaster for example, having medals privately minted for the families of two miners who gave their lives trying to save the others. Carnegie also gave $5 million to establish a Carnegie Hero Fund (note how the gesture was branded in the sense even in giving it carries the Carnegie name). But 181 people died in that accident that was indicative of other sacrifices many countless other coal miners made to help amass his personal fortune.
The scientific thinker that had direct problems with the Catholic Church because of his science was Galileo!
The authors imply that the "first group of initiatives" would primarily take both positive and negative factors into account throughout, without rejection.
<u>Explanation: </u>
The first group of initiatives is seen as a group of initiatives that tries to deal with downsides of having a figure like GDP by attempting to try to fix the indicators of GDP from the base. The key objective these group of measures include is the act of accounting for the environmental damage and the sustainability associated with the given GDP growth.
It puts forward that the consequence of the economic growth and other forms of modernization need to be acknowledged while needing to retain the features and benefits that come with the GDP. Thus, the positive and negative factors needing to be taken into account while keeping in mind not to reject any.
