Answer:
A major change over long periods of time is best described as macroevolution.
Explanation:
Macroevolution would be referring to evolution on a larger scale where populations speciate etc. A, B and C are various forms of speciation and microevolution would be referring to smaller changes in evolutionary patterns e.g. in adaptive or physical traits which may not be deemed 'significant' enough to be considered a speciation event.
Beneficial mutations are more frequently fixed in large populations than in small ones, whereas deleterious mutations are more frequently eliminated.
Explanation:
The genes in a population give forth the genetic variability across a population (genotypes). In addition, occasional mutations of these genes in a population increase this genetic variability. Hovever, natural selection only favours reproduction of individuals with genes that are favourable in the environment/habitat. Therefore, natural selection has no foresight but is rather pegged on being an ‘opportunistic’ process.
Paramecium caudatum. This is an example of: parasitism. competitive exclusion. mutualism. commensalism. Many plant species
In order to calculate the distance between two alleles/genes that are found in the same chromosome, we need to know how often crossing-over happened (recombination frequency). We know from the text that white eyes were linked to miniature wings and that wild type eyes were linked to wild type wings, so any phenotype that's contrary to these parent combinations are a result of crossing-over. We know then that 230 flies + 240 flies were a result of such recombination. To calculate the recombination frequency we only need to divide these flies (total of recombinant flies) by the total of flies in the offspring and turn it into percentage.

=0.47
0.47*100%=47%
47 map units is the distance between the genes <span>for eye color and wing length.</span>