The question must refer to the modern classification system in biology.
It started with the work of Linnaeus - so its early version can be called a Linnaean classification - but right now it has been expanded and changed to fit the evolutionary relationships between the species - which is the best description, i.e. the answer is "it is based on the evolutionary relationship of the species"
The answer is; Jane would be right.
The atom was discovered be more of empty space. The mass of an atom is mainly attributed to the mass of the nucleus which occupies a very small fraction of the size of the atom. The nucleus is Located in the center surrounded by orbiting electrons.
The Geiger–Marsden experiment, where alpha particles are accelerated onto a thin aluminum foil proved this theory by Ernest Rutherford. Some of the particles were deflected by the foil and this was attributed to the dense nucleus of the aluminum atoms in the foil. The other particles passed through because most of the atoms are made of empty space.
The answer is Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other. The oxygen groups of a phosphoanhydride in ATP have electron cloud that repels each other. On hydrolysis, once a phosphate is lost, the electrostatic repulsion is reduced.
When ATP is hydrolyzed, it forms more hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules that when ATP is unhydrolyzed. Therefore, more energy is released since more bonds are formed than are broken. The net delta G is positive during hydrolysis of ATP.
