Answer:
1. Information is transcribed in DNA to mRNA
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus
3. Ribosome attaches to mRNA
4. tRNA anticodon carries an amino acid that compliments the mRNA codon.
5. The chain of amino acids forms a protein.
Explanation:
Transcription is the first process of gene expression. It is the process by which genetic instructions in DNA is copied into mRNA. This is done by RNA polymerase which synthesizes a strand of mRNA that is complementary to that of the DNA template.
DNA is a long term storage molecule for the genetic information of a cell, however, RNA on the other hand, is not used for long term storage. Hence, after transcription, the mRNA undergoes processing to become a matured messenger RNA (mRNA) which acts as a carrier that carries the genetic information out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it will be used as a template for protein synthesis.
In the cytoplasm of a cell, there are organelles, either free-floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum called ribosomes. Ribosome is a complex containing ribosomal RNA and other enzymes (proteins). It is the actual site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, which organizes translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make proteins. The ribosome assembles around a target mRNA strand and attaches itself to it for translation to start.
Translation cannot begin without a special type of RNA molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA) present in the ribosome. Each tRNA contains a set of three nucleotides called ANTICODON.
N.B: mRNA is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODON. Each mRNA codon specifies an amino acid.
The tRNA reads the mRNA codon using its complementary anticodon, the reading is done by matching the base pairs through hydrogen bonding following the base pairing rule (A-U, G-C). The tRNA then carries an amino acid, specifically, the one encoded by the mRNA codon it reads, and adds it to the growing polypeptide chain (future protein).
This cycle of amino acid addition continues in the ribosome until a stop mRNA coding (UAA, UAG, UGA) is encountered. This signals the end of that translation process, triggering the release of the polypeptide (protein) molecule.
