d. Adjustments
Studen loan interests and IRA contributions are deductions found under the heading of ADJUSTMENTS TO INCOME to compute for the Adjusted Gross Income or AGI.
Standard deductions are those based on the filing status of the individual and not his total itemized deductions. Regardless of the actual expenses incurred by an individual, he can claim a standar deduction if he is single, head of household, married filing separately, married filing jointly, qualifying widow(er). at the time he files for his federal tax return.
taxable income is the income left from all the necessary deductions.
For example: Gretchen's income => $56,750
less: Adjustments to income
student loan interest $1,200
IRA Contribution 3,000 - 4,200
===========
Taxable income $52,550
One square can be a 3 by 3 square, meaning each side is 3 units.The area for this would be 9.
Another one is the square can be a 9 by 9 square, meaning each side is 9 units. The area for this would be 81.
Answer:
The formula to determine the population of penguins at the end of the 7th year is:

Step-by-step explanation:
With this information, we know that the initial population at end of year 0 is 1000 penguins.
The first year will born 500 chicks (50% of the population) and also 20% of the total population will die.
We can then model the population for the end of year 1 as:

As this dynamic will continue with the years, we can generalize as:

Then, the value of the population at the end of the 7th year should be:
