1. Imitation of natural sounds - onomatopoeia
Some examples of onomatopeias are "smash", "clap", "pop", "bang" "cough" and "moo", because all these words imitate the sound they describe.
2. Repetition of initial consonant sounds - Alliteration
It is a stylistic literary technique in which neighboring words have the same initial consonant sound. For example, "I find Fridays fun"
3. Repetition of vowel sounds - Assonance
This stylistic literary technique is found in a text when words nearby repeat the same vowel sound. For example, "Dear, do not fear me" and "That cat is bad"
4. Saying less than is meant - Understatement
Understatement is when we intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is. For example, When someone says "I have a little problem" when he or she has been diagnosed with a brain tumor, which it is a great big deal.
5. A part representing the whole - Metonymy
Metonymy uses a term that stands in for an object or concept. For example, in the sentence "Let me give you a hand.”, "Hand" stands in for "help".
6. Attributing human characteristics to inanimate objects - Personification
Personification is when a thing, idea, abstract qualities, nature, emotions or event is given human characteristics. For example, "The wind hugged me".
7. Blatant exaggeration - Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a way of speaking or writing in an exaggerated manner used to emphasize, to add humor or to gain attention on something. For example, "I just ate the biggest burger in the world in a minute"
8. Discrepancy between what is said and what is meant - Irony
For example, imagine you have spent all the week sick at home, and can not wait to feel better so that you go out, and just the day you feel well enough, it starts raining nonstop, you may say "Oh, It's great it's raining" when you don't actually mean it.
9. Comparison without like or as - Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech that asserts that one element (person, animal, thing, quality, event, etc.) is similar to another element, not literally but figuratively; and it does not use words such as "like" or "as" to make the comparison. For example, "She is a summer breeze"
10. Comparison using like or as - Simile
For example, "She is like a summer breeze", "I am as polite as your daughter" and "My dog is gentle like an angle"
