A protein's secondary structure is characterized by beta pleated sheets and alpha helices; the primary structure of a protein is the order of amino acids in a polypeptide, which is coded for the DNA of a gene. the secondary structure itself results from Hydrogen bonds, where the electronegative nitrogen and O2 atoms impart the hydrogen atoms with a semi positive charge.
Muskrats eat oak trees and if the oak tree had a disease and all of them died. then the muskrat would have to relie on someething else to eat because muskrats eat oak trees.
Answer: a. Genetic recombination (crossing over)
b. Can also be explained in terms of crossing over
c. Non disjunction of homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1
Explanation:
The process that allows for the transfer of both the paternal and maternal materials to is the crossing over process that takes at meiosis 1 changing them to secondary spermatocytes. While they are still primary spermatocytes, they are still diploid cells having both the maternal and paternal chromosomes. But since the spermatozoon is an haploid cell, it is able to retail some of both parents chromosome by the crossing over event which takes place between homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes allowing them to exchange materials. Thus the chromosomal contents of the primary spermatocyte differs from that of the spermatozoon.
C. This can occur as a result of the one of the homologous chromosome pair refusing to separate at meiosis 1 with one gamete containing 4 chromosomes/8 sister chromatids and the second having 2 chromosomes/4 sister chromatids.
Innate: keratinized epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium hypodermal areolar connective tissue antigen presenting cells major histocompatibility complexes complement (antibody -dependent pathway )
Innate or non-specific response is the first defense against invaders. Components of this response include physical (e.g. skin . mucosa) and chemical barriers against pathogens and cells such as Natural Killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils. Innate response reacts immediately.
Adaptive: immunoglobulin plasma cells agglutinin
helper t cells memory t cells cytotoxic t cells cd4+cells
t lymphocytes
Adaptive immune response or specific response is specific to the pathogen presented and mediated by lymphocytes, B and T cells. Adaptive immune response creates immunological memory after the first, initial l response to a specific pathogen which leads to enhanced response.
Magnetic reversals C. PROVIDE STRONG EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING.
Magnetic reversal is evident when the <span>change in the Earth's magnetic </span><span>field results in the magnetic </span><span>north being aligned with the geographic south, and the magnetic </span><span>south being aligned with the geographic north. It is also called geomagnetic reversal</span><span>.</span>
Magnetic reversals can occur in less than 100 years. It led to extinction events during the pre-historic times. Because the magnetic field is rapidly weakening, magnetic reversal may cause biblical floods.
