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2 years ago

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The assumptions made are: The gas molecules from Caesar's last breath are now evenly dispersed in the atmosphere. The atmosphere

is 50 km thick, has an average temperature of 15 °C , and an average pressure of 0.20 atm . The radius of the Earth is about 6400 km . The volume of a single human breath is roughly 500 mL . Perform the calculations, reporting all answers to two significant figures. Calculate the total volume of the atmosphere.

1 answer:

Dovator [93]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

$2.6\times 10^{19}m^{3}$

Step-by-step explanation:

we have given thickness of atmosphere =50 km

radius of earth =6400 km

average temperature of atmosphere=15°C

Average pressure of atmosphere= 0.20 atm

we have to calculate the volume of atmosphere

so the we have to calculate the volume of atmosphere = ( volume of earth +atmosphere) - volume of earth

volume of atmosphere = $\frac{4}{3}\times\pi \times \left ( 6400+50 \right )^{3}-\frac{4}{3}\times \pi\times 6400^3$

= $2.6\times 10^{19}m^{3}$

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1. Null hypothesis: $\mu_{A}=\mu_{B}=\mu_{C}$

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4. B. 1.059

5. B. 8.02

Step-by-step explanation:

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) "is used to analyze the differences among group means in a sample".

The sum of squares "is the sum of the square of variation, where variation is defined as the spread between each individual value and the grand mean"

Part 1

The hypothesis for this case are:

Null hypothesis: $\mu_{A}=\mu_{B}=\mu_{C}$

Alternative hypothesis: Not all the means are equal $\mu_{i}\neq \mu_{j}, i,j=A,B,C$

Part 2

In order to find the mean square between treatments (MSTR), we need to find first the sum of squares and the degrees of freedom.

If we assume that we have $p$ groups and on each group from $j=1,\dots,p$ we have $n_j$ individuals on each group we can define the following formulas of variation:

$SS_{total}=\sum_{j=1}^p \sum_{i=1}^{n_j} (x_{ij}-\bar x)^2$

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$SS_{within}=SS_{error}=\sum_{j=1}^p \sum_{i=1}^{n_j} (x_{ij}-\bar x_j)^2$

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$SST=SS_{between}+SS_{within}$

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$\bar X =\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$

If we apply the before formula we can find the mean for each group

$\bar X_A = 27$ , $\bar X_B = 24$ , $\bar X_C = 30$ . And the grand mean $\bar X = 27$

Now we can find the sum of squares between:

$SS_{between}=SS_{model}=\sum_{j=1}^p n_j (\bar x_{j}-\bar x)^2$

Each group have a sample size of 4 so then $n_j =4$

$SS_{between}=SS_{model}=4(27-27)^2 +4(24-27)^2 +4(30-27)^2=72$

The degrees of freedom for the variation Between is given by $df_{between}=k-1=3-1=2$ , Where k the number of groups k=3.

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Part 3

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C. 34

Part 4

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$F=\frac{MSTR}{MSE}=\frac{36}{34}=1.059$

B. 1.059

Part 5

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