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2 years ago

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A 60-cm-high, 40-cm-diameter cylindrical water tank is being transported on a level road. The highest acceleration anticipated i

s 4 m/s^2. Determine the allowable initial water height in the tank if no water is to spill out during acceleration.

1 answer:

dlinn [17]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

$h_{max} = 51.8 cm$

Explanation:

given data:

height of tank = 60cm

diameter of tank =40cm

accelration = 4 m/s2

suppose x- axis - direction of motion

z -axis - vertical direction

$\theta$ = water surface angle with horizontal surface

$a_x =$ accelration in x direction

$a_z =$ accelration in z direction

slope in xz plane is

$tan\theta = \frac{a_x}{g +a_z}$

$tan\theta = \frac{4}{9.81+0}$

$tan\theta =0.4077$

the maximum height of water surface at mid of inclination is

$\Delta h = \frac{d}{2} tan\theta$

$=\frac{0.4}{2}0.4077$

$\Delta h 0.082 cm$

the maximu height of wwater to avoid spilling is

$h_{max} = h_{tank} -\Delta h$

= 60 - 8.2

$h_{max} = 51.8 cm$

the height requird if no spill water is $h_{max} = 51.8 cm$

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A thermometer requires 1 minute to indicate 98% of the response to a unit step input. Assuming the thermometer to be a first ord

Rama09 [41]

Answer:

Time constant = 15.34 seconds

The thermometer shows an error of 0.838°

Explanation:

Given

t = 1 minute = 60 seconds

c(t) = 98% = 0.98

According to the question, the thermometer is a first order system.

The first order system transfer function is given as;

C(s)/R(s) = 1/(sT + 1).

To calculate the time constant, we need to calculate the step response.

This is given as

r(t) = u(t) --- Take Laplace Transformation

R(s) = 1/s

Substitute 1/s for R(s) in C(s)/R(s) = 1/(sT + 1).

We have

C(s)/1/s = 1/(sT + 1)

C(s) = 1/(sT + 1) * 1/s

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/T) --- Take Inverse Laplace Transformation

L^-1(C(s)) = L^-1(1/s - 1/(s + 1/T))

Since, e^-t <–> 1/(s + 1) --- {L}

1 <–> 1/s {L}

So, the unit response c(t) = 1 - e^-(t/T)

Substitute 0.98 for c(t) and 60 for t

0.98 = 1 - e^-(60/T)

0.98 - 1 = - e^-(60/T)

-0.02 = - e^-(60/T)

e^-(60/T) = 0.02

ln(e^-(60/T)) = ln(0.02)

-60/T = -3.912

T = -60/-3.912

T = 15.34 seconds

Time constant = 15.34 seconds

The error signal is given as

E(s) = R(s) - C(s)

Where the temperature changes at the rate of 10°/min; 10°/60 s = 1/6

So.

E(s) = R(s) - 1/6 C(s)

Calculating C(s)

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/T)

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/15.34)

Remember that R(s) = 1/s

So, E(s) becomes

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6(1/s - 1/(s + 1/15.34))

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6(1/s - 1/(s + 0.0652)

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6s + 1/(6(s+0.0652))

E(s) = 5/6s + 1/(6(s+0.0652))

E(s) = 0.833/s + 1/(6(s+0.0652)) ---- Take Inverse Laplace Transformation

e(t) = 1/6e^-0.652t + 0.833

For a first order system, the system attains a steady state condition when time is 4 times of Time constant.

So,

Time = 4 * 15.34

Time = 61.36 seconds

So, e(t) becomes

e(t) = 1/6e^-0.652t + 0.833

e(t) = 1/(6e^-0.652(61.36)) + 0.833

e(t) = 0.83821342824942664566211

e(t) = 0.838 --- Approximated

Hence, the thermometer shows an error of 0.838°

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Answer:

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Answer:

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Given data:

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coupling factor $= 10 log \frac{P_1}{P_f}$

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