A. Hormones act as signal molecules between all body systems
Peripheral Chemoreceptors (Carotid + Aortic Bodies) and Central Chemoreceptors in the Medulla Oblongata detect high Carbon Dioxide levels in the blood during exercise. The respiratory centre in the Medulla Oblongata + PONS stimulate the intercostal muscles and the diphragm to contract in order to increase the rate and depth of breathing as to decrease levels of Carbon dioxide in the blood.
The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine which speeds up metabolism (the rate at which cells use glucose)
One critical observation used by both Lamarck and Darwin in their research is about characteristics of inheritance. Although each claimed different sources of inheritance, they were in unison that in time, individuals acquire characteristics called inheritance. Lamarck believed that inheritance is passed from parents to offspring, while Darwin thought that it’s a product of natural selection.
<span>the energy stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.</span>
Dominant gene. <span>A dominant gene produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, and it could come from one parent </span>
The hormones that stimulate the breakdown of liver glycogen are epinephrine and glucagon. Epinephrine is the one that triggers the glycogen breakdown inside the muscle and also inside the liver. However, the liver is the one that is more active or responsive to the hormone called glucagon than the muscles. A glucagon is a hormone which is a polypeptide hidden by the cells of our pancreas called α cells whenever our blood-sugar is low. This hormone indicates the state of starving.
