Question

4. A recent study examined 699 car accidents in Toronto over a fourteen-month period. Records of phone-service providers were used to determine whether the driver was using a cell phone during or immediately before the accident. Overall, the researchers found that drivers using cell phones were 4.3 times as likely to have an accident as drivers who were not using cell phones. The result was statistically significant. Which of the following can be concluded from this study? (A) Cell phone use increases the likelihood of a car accident. (B) There is an association between cell phone use and accidents, but not necessarily a causal relationship. (C) There is a correlation between cell phone use and accidents, but no necessarily an association. (D) The association between cell phone use and accidents is negative. (E) Cell phone use causes more accidents in Canada, but not necessarily in the United States.

Answer 1

Answer:

(B) There is an association between cell phone use and accidents, but not necessarily a causal relationship.

Explanation:

This is the conclusion that can be derived from this research. According to the research, there is an association between cell phone use and accidents. We learn this because drivers who used cell phones were 4.3 times as likely to have an accident as drivers who were not using cell phones. However, it is still unclear whether this relationship is causal, as several other factors might be involved in this situation.

Answer 2

Answer: B

Explanation: Our ability to perform several tasks at once is quite limited. As much as it is possible to coordinate certain distinct body movements, when it comes to our attention, it becomes almost impossible.

In performing certain types of activities that need our full attention, it is critical to avoid any attitude that deviates our focus. And that makes the cell phone a big enemy of the conscious driver.