<span>Let's consider a scenario in which the resting membrane potential changes from −70 mV to +70 mV, but the concentrations of all ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids are unchanged. Predict how this change in membrane potential affects the movement of Na+. The electrical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Outside the cell (extracellular) while the chemical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Inside the cell (intracellular).
The electrical gradient is defined as the + goes to the - and the - goes to the +
Na + has a positive charge, but there's more positive charge inside the cell than outside (due to potassium), therefore, Na+ goes extracellular (out)
The concentration gradient considers that the ion will go from the most concentrated to at least concentrated by passive diffusion so no trans-membrane proteins in the game attention.Na + is very concentrated in extracellular and few intracellular, therefore, it tends to go intracellular (in).</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
Normally, under anaerobic condition in yeast, pyruvate produced from glycolysis leads to the production of ethanol as shown below.
pyruvate ⇒ acetaldehyde + NADH ⇒ ethanol + NAD
The pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde by the enzyme, pyruvate decarboxylase. It should be NOTED that carbon dioxide is released in this step. The acetaldehyde produced in the "first step" is then converted to ethanol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. It must be noted from the above that the steps are irreversible.
If a mutated strain of yeast is unique because it does not produce alcohol and lactic acid (which is referred to as toxic acid in the question); thus having a high level of pyruvate because of the presence of a novel enzyme. <u>The function of this novel enzyme will most likely be the conversion of acetaldehyde in the presence of carbondioxide back to pyruvate; thus making that step reversible</u>. This could be a possible explanation for the high level of pyruvate present in the yeast.
<span>There is heat from the Earth’s core. Unfortunately, even thought the Earth is round, this heat isn’t evenly distributed. Therefore, sometimes the pressure from the heat in some areas can create currents that move the plates across the Earth’s surface.</span>
Answer:
C. a decrease in phospholipid fatty acid side chain length and a decrease in side chain saturation
Explanation:
Temperature is a factor that has a huge impact on cell membrane structure, more precisely its fluidity. So, for example, if temperature increases, the cell membrane becomes more fluid because the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids become less rigid.
