Answer: The correct answer is B) Classical Conditioning
Explanation: Classical Conditioning is learning through association.
If someone when flying in an airplane has experienced certain negative stimuli repeatedly then he/she would associate flying with negative responses.
For instance: Flying in an airplane (Neutral stimulus)
Is paired with:  Unconditioned Stimulus (Eating spoiled food) which in turn elicits an unconditioned response (Puking, feeling ill). 
Then, the neutral stimulus transforms into a Conditionated stimulus which elicits a conditionated response.
That's called Classical Conditioning.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:Group polarization
Explanation:
Group polarization is when a group which shares similar attitudes work together towards intensifying those attitudes more than they did when they had these ideas separately as individuals. Some intensified shared ideas may be risky such as when unrulyb mob gangs comes together to push their attitudes.
Some may breed fruitful actions such as mobilising together to protect the right of animals which may save lives of many animals.
Group Polarization makes an action possible that would have been impossible if someone was standing for the idea alone, numbers increase the strength of the idea to be implemented.
Group Polarization exist in order to give strength to persuasion, the attitude of a group is improved by their number more than it would if they were standing alone.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The best course of action is to modify the elements of the research that were not approved by the IRB, even if this implies the removal of the subject who will be admitted to prison, or to talk to the penitentiary authorities if something can be done for the subject to participate in the research. and then report to the IRB.
Explanation:
All research carried out must be within the guidelines that the IRB proposes. For this reason, if a research is disapproved by the IRB, it must have factors modified and adapted so that it can be approved and carried out, even if this excludes the possibility of participation of volunteers who were interested in research and cannot due to some situation such as prisons, illnesses, among others.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
d
Explanation:
stages 1-4 of sleep or "quiet" sleep where brain functions are suppressed, sleep thinking occurs, the REM-off neurons secrete setotonin and norepinephrine, new episodic memories are enhanced, select neuronal connections are weakened, and sleep walking/talking (deep sleep) occurs
REM sleep deprivation results in a REM rebound