Answer:
a) Frequency of the R allele: [(396 x 2) + 257] / (396 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1049 / 2420 = 0.433
b) Frequency of the r allele: [(557 x 2) + 257] / (396 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1371 / 2420 = 0.567
c) Frequency of the R allele: [(196 x 2) + 257] / (196 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 649 / 2020 = 0.321
d) Frequency of the r allele: [(557 x 2) + 257] / (196 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1371 / 2020 = 0.679
e) migration is gene flow
Explanation:
Gene flow (also referred to as gene migration) is the movement of genes that acts to change allele frequencies in local populations by transferring genetic material from one population to another. Gene flow may be caused either by the movement of organisms that reproduce in new populations (migration), or by the movement of gametes (for example, pollen dispersal in plants).
The four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper
functioning of all living things are known as polymers or
macromolecules. All of these compounds are built primarily of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen but in different ratios. This gives each
compound different properties.
Carbohydrates are used by the body for energy and structural
support in cell walls of plants and exoskeletons of insects and
crustaceans. They are made of smaller subunits called
nionosaccharides. Monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides or simple sugars include glucose,
galactose, and fructose. Although their chemical formulas are the
same, they have different structural formulas. These simple sugars
combine to make disaccharides (double sugars like sucrose) and
polysaccharides (long chains like cellulose, chitin, and glycogen). Color
code the glucose molecule on this worksheet (carbon-black, hydrogenyellow,
and oxygen-red). Use your textbook to help draw the
structural formulas for fructose and galactose:
Answer:
a. Light and carbon reactions occur in separate cells.
b. ATP is used to move a three-carbon ferry molecule from bundle-sheath cells back to mesophyll cells.
c. They require less water to live.
g. These plants function better in the hot, sunny environments.
Explanation:
The plants which carry out C₄ pathway or Hatch and Slack pathway are called C₄ plants. Examples are maize, sugar cane, sorghum. They live in hot, dry or arid habitats. C₄ plants have dimorphic chloroplast. The chloroplast is in bundle sheath cells does not have grana and in the spongy mesophyll cells have chloroplasts with grana. So, light and carbon reactions occur in separate cells. C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than the C₃ plants. There is no photorespiration in C₄ plants as Phospshoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase enzyme.
