Answer:
12 pencils in each package.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given:
Ethan bought 4 packages of pencils.
No of Packages = 4
No of pencils given to friend = 8 pencils
No of pencils left over =40 pencils
∴Total Number of Pencils = No of pencils given to friend + No of pencils left over =
Total Number of pencils in each package = 
ANSWER
The value of the expression is
EXPLANATION
Method 1: Rewrite as product of
The expression given to us is,
We use the fact that
to simplify the above expression.
This implies,
We substitute to obtain,
Method 2: Use indices to solve.
This implies that,
8 total pens....4 are black
first pick, probability of being black is 4/8
2nd pick. without replacing, probability is 3/7
probability of a black pen picked first and then another black pen picked again is : 4/8 * 3/7 = 12/56 = 0.21
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