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s344n2d4d5 [400]

2 years ago

11

Owen paid $9.20 for 6 pencils and a pen. A pen cost twice as much as a pencil. (a) How much did a pencil cost? (b) How much did

a pen cost? Can you help me with the model?

1 answer:

Len [333]2 years ago

8 0

6x+1y=9.20 (x=pencils since he bought 6 pencils, y=pen since he bought one pen)
2x=y (the cost of two pencils equals to one pen since a pen costs twice as much)

now you just solve with substitution

6x+1(2x)=9.20
6x+2x=9.20
8x=9.20
x=1.15 (now you know that one pencil costs 1.15 dollars, now substitute that into the other equation)

2(1.15)=y
2.30=y (now you know then pen costs 2.30 dollars)

so your answer is
a) $1.15
b) $2.30

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a) 0.6628 = 66.28% probability that at least 85 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance

b) 0.5141 = 51.41% probability that at least 80 but less than 90 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance

c) 0.5596 = 55.96% probability that fewer than 12 visitors had a recorded entry through the Grand Lake park entrance.

d) 0.9978 = 99.78% probability that more than 55 visitors have no recorded point of entry

Step-by-step explanation:

Binomial probability distribution

Probability of exactly x sucesses on n repeated trials, with p probability.

Can be approximated to a normal distribution, using the expected value and the standard deviation.

The expected value of the binomial distribution is:

$E(X) = np$

The standard deviation of the binomial distribution is:

$\sqrt{V(X)} = \sqrt{np(1-p)}$

Normal probability distribution

Problems of normally distributed samples can be solved using the z-score formula.

In a set with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$ , the zscore of a measure X is given by:

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the pvalue, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.

When we are approximating a binomial distribution to a normal one, we have that $\mu = E(X)$ , $\sigma = \sqrt{V(X)}$ .

In this problem, we have that:

$n = 175$

(a) What is the probability that at least 85 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance?

46.7% of visitors to Rocky Mountain National Park in 2018 entered through the Beaver Meadows. This means that $p = 0.467$ . So

$\mu = E(X) = np = 175*0.467 = 81.725$

$\sigma = \sqrt{V(X)} = \sqrt{np(1-p)} = \sqrt{175*0.467*0.533} = 6.6$

This probability, using continuity correction, is $P(X \geq 85 - 0.5) = P(X \geq 84.5)$ , which is 1 subtracted by the pvalue of Z when X = 84.5. So

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

$Z = \frac{84.5 - 81.725}{6.6}$

$Z = 0.42$

$Z = 0.42$ has a pvalue of 0.6628.

66.28% probability that at least 85 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance.

(b) What is the probability that at least 80 but less than 90 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance?

Using continuity correction, this is $P(80 - 0.5 \leq X < 90 - 0.5) = P(79.5 \leq X \leq 89.5)$ , which is the pvalue of Z when X = 89.5 subtracted by the pvalue of Z when X = 79.5. So

X = 89.5

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

$Z = \frac{89.5 - 81.725}{6.6}$

$Z = 1.18$

$Z = 1.18$ has a pvalue of 0.8810.

X = 79.5

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

$Z = \frac{79.5 - 81.725}{6.6}$

$Z = -0.34$

$Z = -0.34$ has a pvalue of 0.3669.

0.8810 - 0.3669 = 0.5141

51.41% probability that at least 80 but less than 90 visitors had a recorded entry through the Beaver Meadows park entrance

(c) What is the probability that fewer than 12 visitors had a recorded entry through the Grand Lake park entrance?

6.3% of visitors entered through the Grand Lake park entrance, which means that $p = 0.063$

$\mu = E(X) = np = 175*0.063 = 11.025$

$\sigma = \sqrt{V(X)} = \sqrt{np(1-p)} = \sqrt{175*0.063*0.937} = 3.2141$

This probability, using continuity correction, is $P(X < 12 - 0.5) = P(X < 11.5)$ , which is the pvalue of Z when X = 11.5. So

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

$Z = \frac{11.5 - 11.025}{3.2141}$

$Z = 0.15$

$Z = 0.15$ has a pvalue of 0.5596.

55.96% probability that fewer than 12 visitors had a recorded entry through the Grand Lake park entrance.

(d) What is the probability that more than 55 visitors have no recorded point of entry?

22.7% of visitors had no recorded point of entry to the park. This means that $p = 0.227$

$\mu = E(X) = np = 175*0.227 = 39.725$

$\sigma = \sqrt{V(X)} = \sqrt{np(1-p)} = \sqrt{175*0.227*0.773} = 5.54$

Using continuity correction, this probability is $P(X \leq 55 + 0.5) = P(X \leq 55.5)$ , which is the pvalue of Z when X = 55.5. So

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

$Z = \frac{55.5 - 39.725}{5.54}$

$Z = 2.85$

$Z = 2.85$ has a pvalue of 0.9978

0.9978 = 99.78% probability that more than 55 visitors have no recorded point of entry

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