Answer:
1. It is so important for all application builders to always check data received from unknown sources before using that data. This is because of the Security related reasons and vulnerabilities .For example the data received might contain harmful hidden viruses. Web applications are accessed by internet and these are the most vulnerable to attacks by hacker or intruders using harmful data containing malware. This can cause security breaches due to the security flaws or bugs in Web applications. So to overcome such security risks which can cause damage in the Web applications, data from unknown sources should be checked.
Explanation:
2. When the Website is being used and running, there is a room for possible glitches or other bugs and issues. To understand, handle and address issues successfully, the website operators carefully and consistently patch and configure their systems. The administrators collect the user data which enables them to have enough data in order to make the requisite alterations or improvements in the website. This also helps to improve the website performance. The patching and configuring of systems fix problems in the website which reduces the risk of website damage and the website works smoothly this way. Moreover it identifies vulnerabilities, solve configuration issues and upgrades in website features provide additional capabilities to the website.
Answer:
For 32 bits Instruction Format:
OPCODE DR SR1 SR2 Unused bits
a) Minimum number of bits required to represent the OPCODE = 3 bits
There are 8 opcodes. Patterns required for these opcodes must be unique. For this purpose, take log base 2 of 8 and then ceil the result.
Ceil (log2 (8)) = 3
b) Minimum number of bits For Destination Register(DR) = 4 bits
There are 10 registers. For unique register values take log base 2 of 10 and then ceil the value. 4 bits are required for each register. Hence, DR, SR1 and SR2 all require 12 bits in all.
Ceil (log2 (10)) = 4
c) Maximum number of UNUSED bits in Instruction encoding = 17 bits
Total number of bits used = bits used for registers + bits used for OPCODE
= 12 + 3 = 15
Total number of bits for instruction format = 32
Maximum No. of Unused bits = 32 – 15 = 17 bits
OPCODE DR SR1 SR2 Unused bits
3 bits 4 bits 4 bits 4 bits 17 bits
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