Answer:
The answer is:
D. the radiation of herbivores such as grazing animals
Explanation:
Oligocene and Miocene Epochs:
- The Oligocene epoch is characterized by temperate and subtropical climatic conditions which favored the expansion of grasses and reduced forest cover.
- The Miocene epoch, which succeeded the Oligocene era, is attributed to changes in global circulation due to global warming of the climate followed by global cooling towards the end.
The Oligocence and Miocene epoch are both attributed to the expansion of grasslands and savannah. Both eras marked rapid and drastic evolutionary changes in grazing mammals and herbivores. Diverse groups of grazing mammals lived throughout these eras. For example, the largest herbivore and land mammal of all time, <em>Indricotherium</em> (a sort of giant hornless rhinoceros), was present in the Oligocene era.
Similarly, the Oligocene era in North America favored the rapid radiation of primitive horses.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
The evolution of vascular tissues in plants from non-vascular plants was an adaptive feature to survive in the terrestrial environment. The group of plants in which vascular tissues evolved and developed is the Pteridophytes which contained stellar organization of the vascular bundles.
The pteridophytes exhibited xylem and phloem which allows the rapid uptake of the water and nutrients from the soil which allowed the growth of the plant and since plants got enough water and nutrients from the soil, they adapted to grow tall so that they can maximize the output of photosynthesis in bright sunshine.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The correct answer would be that <u>the availability of food resources for black mice and brown mice will decrease.</u>
<em>Since the food requirements of the black mice are the same as that of the invasive brown mice, the available food supply that used to be only for the black mice would now be shared by the two strains of mice. Hence, the available food for the two groups of mice will naturally decrease.</em>
There is no sufficient information to conclude that the population of tan mice will decrease, hence, option B is incorrect.
The black mice and tan mice have different food requirements going by the information available in the illustration, hence, both cannot compete for food resources. Option C is, therefore, incorrect. In the same vein, option D is incorrect because the tan mice have different food requirements from the brown mice.
<u>The only correct option is A.</u>
<span>repeating the experiment three times for each temperature
</span><span>using three different temperatures instead of only two
</span><span>using three different surface areas instead of only two
hope this helps</span>
Answer:
a) The response indicates that a pH below or above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
b)The response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
c)The response indicated that the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
Explanation:
Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.In bacteria, enolases are highly conserved enzymes and commonly exist as homodimers.
The temperature optimum for enolase catalysis was 80°C, close to the measured thermal stability of the protein which was determined to be 75°C, while the pH optimum for enzyme activity was 6.5. The specific activities of purified enolase determined at 25 and 80°C were 147 and 300 U mg−1 of protein, respectively. Km values for the 2-phosphoglycerate/phosphoenolpyruvate reaction determined at 25 and 80°C were 0.16 and 0.03 mM, respectively. The Km values for Mg2+ binding at these temperatures were 2.5 and 1.9 mM, respectively.
Enolase-1 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (EnoCa), a thermophilic green non-sulfur bacterium that grows photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. The biochemical and structural properties of enolase from C. aurantiacus are consistent with this being thermally adapted.
