B) Endocrine disruptors mimic hormones that regulate critical biological processes
Answer: .OH, O2-, H2O2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive and unstable species containing oxygen. ROS are formed when oxygen is partially reduced, thus they are all radicals with very high reactivity, attacking membrane proteins such as ion channels etc
Examples include peroxides (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (.OH)
Answer:
B. A proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase.
Explanation:
Light reaction of photosynthesis includes the splitting of water in the presence of sunlight and electron transfer from PSII to PSI via an electron transport system. During the transfer of electron through cytochrome of the electron transport system, the proton concentration gradient is generated across thylakoids. The proton concentration gradient is harvested to drive ADP phosphorylation by the catalytic site of ATP synthase accompanied by downhill movement protons through its proton channels.
Answer:
B) rough ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid
Explanation:
- Insulin is synhtesized by beta cells of pancereas (preproinsulin).
- Insulin enters the rough endoplasmic reticulumn in its inactive form (proinsulin).
- The rough endoplasmic reticulumn converts it to active form (insulin).
- The rough endoplasmic reticulumn transfer the insulin to glogi comlpex
- The Golgi complex secrete it in golgi vesicles to cytoplasm.
- On the stimulation of beta cells insulin is secreted to extracellular fluid..
Answer:
Oils repel water, so it helps these animals keep their fur dry, which helps them stay warm.
