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AveGali [126]
2 years ago
11

A modem transmits over an error-prone channel, so it repeats every "0" or "1" bit transmission five times. We call each such gro

up of five bits a "codeword." The channel changes an input bit to its complement with probability p =1/10 and it does so independently of its treatment of other input bits. The modem receiver takes a majority vote of the five received bits to estimate the input signal. Find the probability that the receiver makes the wrong decision.
Mathematics
1 answer:
Gemiola [76]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

0.00111

Step-by-step explanation:

Since the modem receiver takes a majority vote of the five

received bits to estimate the input signal, it will only make a wrong decision if 3, 4 or 5 of the 5 bits received are wrong.

Given that the channel changes an input bit to its complement with probability p =1/10 and it does so independently of its treatment of other input bits, the probability of changing 3 bits out of five is 0.1*0.1*0.1 = 0.001, of changing 4 is 0.0001 and of changing 5 is 0.00001

So, the probability that the modem makes a wrong decision is 0.001+0.0001+0.00001 = 0.00111

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Kelsey is 5 years older than her sister misty the product of their ages in years is 84 how old is misty?
boyakko [2]

Answer:

Misty is 7

Step-by-step explanation:

84=7*12

12-7= 5 year difference

8 0
2 years ago
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A bowl of flower seeds contains 5 petunia seeds and 15 begonia seeds. Riley calculated the probability that a random selected se
Vlad1618 [11]

Answer:

Riley divided the number of petunia seeds by the number of begonia seeds, getting \frac {5}{15} = \frac {1}{3}. What you actually need to do to calculate the probability of selecting a petunia seed is divide the number of petunia seeds by the <em>total</em> number of seeds. 5 petunia seeds and 15 begonia seeds makes 20 total seeds, so you divide 5 petunia seeds by 20 total seeds to get \frac {5}{20} = \frac {1}{4}.

7 0
2 years ago
charles deposited $12,000 in the bank. He withdrew $5,000 from his account after one year. If he recives a total amount of $9,34
Schach [20]

Answer:

The rate of simple interest is 9%

Step-by-step explanation:

* Lets talk about the simple interest

- The simple Interest Equation (Principal + Interest)  is:

  A = P(1 + rt)  , Where

# A = Total amount (principal + interest)

# P = Principal amount

# I = Interest amount

# r = Rate of Interest per year in decimal r = R/100

# R = Rate of Interest per year as a percent R = r * 100

# t = Time period involved in months or years

- The rule of the simple interest is I = Prt

* lets solve the problem

- Charles deposited $12,000

∴ P = $12,000

- He withdrew $5,000 from his account after one year

- He receives a total amount of $9,340 after 3 years

∴ A = $9340 and t = 3

- Lets find the inetrest after 1 year

∵ I = Prt

∵ P = 12000

∵ t = 1

∴ I = 12000(r)(1) = 12000r

- Lets subtract the money that he withdrew

∵ He withdrew $5000

∵ He deposit at first 12000

∴ He has after the withdrew 12000 - 5000 = 7000

- The new P for the next 2 years is 7000

- This amount will take the same rate r for another two years

- The total money is $9340

∵ I = A - P

∵ A = 9340

∵ P = 7000

∴ The amount of interest = 9340 - 7000 = 2340

- The amount of interest after 3 years is 2340

- Lets find the amount of interest in the two years

∴ I = 7000(r × 2) = 14000r

- The amount of interest after the 3 years is the sum of the interest in

  the 1st year and the other 2 years

∴ 2340 = 14000r + 12000r

∴ 2340 = 26000r ⇒ divide both sides bu 2340

∴ r = 2340 ÷ 26000 = 0.09

∵ The rate R in percentage = r × 100

∴ R = 0.09 × 100 = 9%

∴ The rate of simple interest is 9%

8 0
2 years ago
Test the given claim. Identify the null​ hypothesis, alternative​ hypothesis, test​ statistic, P-value, and then state the concl
never [62]

Answer:

a) Failed to reject the null hypothesis (P-value=0.09).

b) The 95% CI for the difference in proportions is:

-0.0599\leq\pi_1-\pi_2\leq0.0124

Step-by-step explanation:

a) We have to perform a hypothesis test for the difference of proportions.

The null and alternative hypothesis are:

H_0: \pi_1\geq\pi_2\\\\H_1: \pi_1

The significance level is 0.05.

The proportion of the passenger cars owners is:

p_1=\frac{239}{2142} =0.1116

The proportion of commercial truck owners is:

p_2=\frac{54}{399}=0.1353

The weigthed average p is

p=\frac{n_1p_1+n_2p_2}{n_1+n_2}=\frac{239+54}{2142+399}=0.1153

The estimated standard deviation is

s=\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n_1}+\frac{p(1-p)}{n_2}} =\sqrt{\frac{0.1153(1-0.1153)}{2142}+\frac{0.1153(1-0.1153)}{399}} =0.0174

We can calculate the z-value as:

z=\frac{\Delta p}{s}=\frac{0.1116-0.1353}{0.0174}=-1.362

The P-value for z=-1.362 is P=0.0866.

The P-value (0.09) is greater than the significance level (0.05), so it failed to reject the null hypothesis. There is no enough evidence to prove that commercial trucks owners violate laws requiring front license plates at a higher rate than owners of passenger cars.

b) We can construct a 95% CI, according to the significance level of 0.05.

The z-value for this CI is 1.96.

We have to recalculate the standard deviation:

\sigma=\sqrt{\frac{p_1(1-p_1)}{n_1} +\frac{p_2(1-p_2)}{n_2}} =\sqrt{\frac{0.1116(1-0.1116)}{2142} +\frac{0.1353(1-0.1353)}{399}} =0.0184

The lower limit is then:

LL=(p_1-p_2)-z*\sigma=(0.1116-0.1353)-1.96*0.0184=-0.0238-0.0361\\\\LL=-0.0599

The upper limit is:

UL=(p_1-p_2)+z*\sigma=(0.1116-0.1353)+1.96*0.0184=-0.0238+0.0361\\\\UL=0.0124

The 95% CI for the difference in proportions is:

-0.0599\leq\pi_1-\pi_2\leq0.0124

In this case, we can conclude that the difference between the proportions, with 95% confidence, can still be equal or greater than zero, meaning that it is possible passenger car owners violate laws more than truck owners.

7 0
2 years ago
∇f = λ∇g gives us the equations 4xy = 4λx, 2x2 = 8λy. The first equation implies that x = Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. o
Vlad1618 [11]

Answer:

The answer is correct

Step-by-step explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
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