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2 years ago

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The alcohol content of hard liquor is normally given in terms of the "proof," which is defined as twice the percentage by volume

of ethanol (C2H5OH) present. Calculate the number of grams of alcohol present in 1.00 L of 48-proof gin. The density of ethanol is 0.798 g/mL.

1 answer:

goldenfox [79]2 years ago

7 0

Answer:

m C2H5OH = 191.52 g

Explanation:

proof ≡ (2)(%v/v C2H5OH)

∴ %v/v C2H5OH = ( v C2H5OH / v sln)×100

⇒ 48 proof = (2) (%v/v C2H5OH)

⇒ 48/2 = %v/v C2H5OH

⇒ 24 = %v/v C2H5OH

⇒ 24/100 = v C2H5OH / v sln = 0.24

∴ v sln (gin) = 1.00 L

⇒ v C2H5OH = ( 0.24 )( 1.00 L )

⇒ v C2H5OH = 0.24 L = 240 mL

⇒ m C2H5OH = (240 mL)(0.798 g/mL)

⇒ m C2H5OH = 191.52 g

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Answer : The oxidizing and reducing agents are, $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$ .

Explanation :

Redox reaction or Oxidation-reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element increases. Or we can say that in oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place.

Reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element decreases. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place.

Reducing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to reduce and itself gets oxidized. Thus, it will undergo oxidation reaction.

Oxidizing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to oxidize and itself gets reduced. Thus, it will undergo reduction reaction.

The given redox reaction is:

$2H^+(aq)+H_2O_2(aq)+2Fe^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow 2Fe^{3+}(aq)+2H_2O(l)$

The half oxidation-reduction reactions are:

Oxidation reaction : $Fe^{2+}\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+1e^-$

Reduction reaction : $O^-+1e^-\rightarrow O^{2-}$

The oxidation state of oxygen in $H_2O_2$ and $H_2O$ is, (-1) and (-2) respectively.

In this reaction, 'Fe' is oxidized from oxidation (+2) to (+3) and 'O' is reduced from oxidation state (-1) to (-2). Hence, ' $Fe^{2+}$ ' act as a reducing agent and ' $H_2O_2$ ' act as a oxidizing agent.

Thus, the oxidizing and reducing agents are, $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$ .

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1 year ago

Write the Lewis structure for ethanol (CH3CH2OH), the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, then answer the following questions:

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Answer :

(1) The number of valence electrons present in the compound is, 20

(2) The number of bonded electrons present in the compound is, 16

(3) The number of lone pair electrons present in the compound is, 4

(4) The number of single bonds present in the compound is, 8

Explanation :

Lewis-dot structure : It shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and it also shows the unpaired electrons present in the molecule.

In the Lewis-dot structure the valance electrons are shown by 'dot'.

The given molecule is, $CH_3CH_2OH$

As we know that carbon has '4' valence electrons, hydrogen has '1' valence electrons and oxygen has '6' valence electrons.

Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in $CH_3CH_2OH$ = 2(4) + 6(1) + 6 = 20

According to Lewis-dot structure, there are 16 number of bonding electrons and 4 number of non-bonding electrons or lone pair of electrons.

The Lewis-dot structure of $CH_3CH_2OH$ is shown below.

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1 year ago

Coal gasification is a multistep process to convert coal into cleaner-burning fuels. In one step, a coal sample reacts with supe

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Answer :

The enthalpy of reaction is, -187.6 kJ/mol

The total heat will be, -2251 kJ

Explanation :

According to Hess’s law of constant heat summation, the heat absorbed or evolved in a given chemical equation is the same whether the process occurs in one step or several steps.

According to this law, the chemical equation can be treated as ordinary algebraic expression and can be added or subtracted to yield the required equation. That means the enthalpy change of the overall reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the intermediate reactions.

(a) The formation of $CH_4$ will be,

$2C(coal)+2H_2O(g)\rightarrow CH_4(g)+CO_2(g)$ $\Delta H_{rxn}=?$

The intermediate balanced chemical reaction will be,

(1) $C(coal)+H_2O(g)\rightarrow CO(g)+H_2(g)$ $\Delta H_1=29.7kJ$

(2) $CO(g)+H_2O(g)\rightarrow CO_2(g)+H_2(g)$ $\Delta H_2=-41kJ$

(3) $CO(g)+3H_2(g)\rightarrow CH_4(g)+H_2O(g)$ $\Delta H_3=-206kJ$

We are multiplying equation 1 by 2 and then adding all the equations, we get :

(b) The expression for enthalpy of reaction will be,

$\Delta H_{rxn}=2\times \Delta H_1+\Delta H_2+\Delta H_3$

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$\Delta H_{rxn}=-187.6kJ/mol$

Therefore, the enthalpy of reaction is, -187.6 kJ/mol

(c) Now we have to calculate the total heat.

$\Delta H=\frac{q}{n}$

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$q=\Delta H\times n$

where,

$\Delta H$ = enthalpy change = -187.6 kJ/mol

q = heat = ?

n = number of moles of coal = $\frac{1.00\times 1000g}{12.00g/mol}=83.33mol$

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

$q=(-187.6kJ/mol)\times (83.33mol)=-2.251kJ$

Thus, the total heat will be, -2251 kJ

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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- Azimuthal quantum number (l): represents the subshell or sublevel, and is represented by 0,1,2,3.., and for the letters s, p, d, f,...

- Magnetic quantum number (ml): represents the orbital. It varies from -l to +l passing by 0. Each orbital can have 2 electrons.

- Spin quantum number (ms): represents the spin of the electron. It can be +1/2 or -1/2.

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n = 5; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = -1/2

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