Because the fatty acid chains are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, it implies that the fatty acid chains of a phospholipid is not attracted to water hence why they are turned inwards towards each other and away from aqueous medium. This implies that the interior of the membrane is HYDROPHOBIC (water-fearing/water-repelling).
Answer:
<h2>A</h2>
Explanation:
1. As given, the of a strand DNA contain sequence;
A-T-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A,
2. After exposure to UV light, the strand contain the bases;
A-T-G-G*-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A,
3. By comparing both the strands, we find that, the strand of DNA after exposure to UV contain extra G nucleotide between G and C, which is resulted by an insertion.
So we can say that, a new base has been inserted.
<h3><u>Answer;
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<em><u>-Joint capsule
</u></em>
<em><u>-Synovial cavity
</u></em>
A synovial joint is surrounded by a two layer<em><u> joint capsule</u></em> which encloses a fluid filled space called the <em><u>synovial cavity.
</u></em>
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>Synovial joint is a type of a joint that joins bone with fibrous joint capsule which is continuous with periosteum of the bones that have been joined. </u></em>
- <em><u>Joint capsule is an envelope that encloses the synovial joint and is also known as the articular capsule</u></em>.
- Joint capsule comprises of an outer fibrous layer membrane and the inner synovial layer membrane.
<h3><u>Answer;
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Dense connective tissue
The outer layer of this structure consists of <em><u>dense connective tissue</u></em> which is continuous with the periosteum of each bone
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>The outer layer of the joint capsule is a fibrous membrane that is attached to the circumference of the articular end of each bone on the joint, therefore it surrounds the articulation. </u></em>
- This layer is made up of dense connective tissue which is irregular that is continuous with the periosteum of each bone in the joint. The tissue is a long spongy tissue
<h3><u>Answer;
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Ligaments
The outer layer may be reinforced by<em><u> ligaments </u></em>which are bundles of collagenous fibers. Some of these bundles are part of the capsule while other are located outside of the capsule.
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that help in the articulation of bones to other bones. Ligaments are bundles of collagenous fibers which appear as a crisscross bands which attach bone to bone and help in the stabilization of joints.
</u></em>
- <u><em>Ligaments surrounds a joint to give it support and also limits the movement of these joints. </em></u>Therefore when ligaments are damaged, the joints involved becomes unstable.
<h3><u>Answer;
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Accessory structure
By definition, the structures, such as some ligaments, that are located outside the capsule are called<em><u> accessory structures.
</u></em>
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>The synovial joint such as the knee joint contains a synovial cavity and dense, irregular connective tissue which makes the joint capsule normally associated with accessory ligaments</u></em>. These structures are called the accessory structures of the synovial joints.
- <em><u>The accessory structures are the pieces that help to strengthen and connect the joint. </u></em>They include the fibrocartilage, fat pads, tendons, Accessory, Extracapsular, intracapsular ligaments and the bursae.
<h3><u>Answer;
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Synovial membrane
The inner layer of the joint capsule is <em><u>the synovial membrane,</u></em> consisting of loose connective tissue.
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>Synovial membrane is a connective tissue which lines the inner surface of the joint capsules in a synovial joint and the tendon sheath. </u></em>It may be described as a layer that lines the cavities of synovial joints bursae and the tendon sheaths.
- <u><em>The membrane functions to secrete the synovial fluid which lubricates the articulating joints.</em></u>
<h3><u>Answer;
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Synovial fluid
The inner lining of the joint capsule secretes a fluid called <em><u>synovial fluid. </u></em>This fluid is viscous, and moistens and lubricates the surfaces within the joint capsule
<h3><u>Explanation;
</u></h3>
- <em><u>Synovial fluid is a special type of viscous fluid that is secreted by the synovial membrane in a synovial joint such as knee joint whose function is primarily lubrication of the joint.
</u></em>
- <em><u>The fluid contains special contents such as hyaluronan, lubricin and the interstitial fluid </u></em>which help in the reduction of friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints when the joints are moving.
