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DanielleElmas [232]
2 years ago
11

Which equation represents a spontaneous reaction?

Chemistry
1 answer:
artcher [175]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

D) Mn + Ni2+ ⇒ Mn2+ + Ni

Explanation:

A spontaneous process is capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. A Spontaneous reaction takes place on its own without external influences. In a spontaneous reaction, this change in entropy is positive (ΔS) , the change in enthalpy is negative (ΔH) and most importantly the

value of ΔG(change is free energy) is negative.

In order to decide the spontaneous reaction among the options, we consider the relative electrode potentials of the reaction species. The specie having a more negative reduction potential can displace the other specie from its aqueous solution. Since the reduction potential of Mn^2+ is -1.19 V while that of nickel is -0.25 V, it follows that manganese can spontaneously displace Ni^2+ from its aqueous solution as shown in the answer above.

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Describe how to prepare the solution using a 250.0 mL volumetric flask by placing the steps in the correct order. Not all of the
padilas [110]

Answer:

The correct order will be

a. Transfer the measured amount of NaCl to the volumetric flask.

e. Dissolve the NaCl in less than 250 mL of water and mix well.

b. Dilute the solution with water to the 250.0 mL mark.

Explanation:

Preparation of NaCl solution in 250.0 ml volumetric flask:

Add the weighed NaCl directly to volumetric flask and add small amount of water to it and mix it will until all NaCl gets dissolved( if not add small water amount of water more)

After dissolving NaCl add the water upto the mark.

The correct order will be

a. Transfer the measured amount of NaCl to the volumetric flask.

e. Dissolve the NaCl in less than 250 mL of water and mix well.

b. Dilute the solution with water to the 250.0 mL mark.

6 0
2 years ago
At 900.0 K, the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the following reaction is 0.345. 2SO2 + O2(g) → 2SO3(g) At equilibrium, the partia
lapo4ka [179]

Answer:

The partial pressure of SO₃ is 82.0 atm

Explanation:

The equilibrium constant Kp is equal to <em>the equilibrium pressure of the gaseous products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the equilibrium pressure of the gaseous reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients</em>.

For the reaction,

2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g)

Kp = 0.345 = \frac{(pSO_{3})^{2} }{(pSO_{2})^{2} \times pO_{2} }\\pSO_{3} = \sqrt[]{0.345 \times (pSO_{2})^{2} \times pO_{2} } \\pSO_{3} = \sqrt[]{0.345 \times (35.0)^{2} \times 15.9 } \\pSO_{3} = 82.0 atm

4 0
2 years ago
A 0.2-mm-thick wafer of silicon is treated so that a uniform concentration gradient of antimony is produced. One surface contain
krek1111 [17]

Answer:

- 0.0249% Sb/cm

-1.2465 * 10^9 \frac{atoms}{cm^3.cm}

Explanation:

Given that:

One surface contains 1 Sb atom per  10⁸  Si atoms and the other surface contains 500 Sb atoms per  10⁸ Si atoms.

The concentration gradient in atomic percent (%) Sb  per cm can be calculated as follows:

The difference in concentration = \delta_c

The distance \delta_x = 0.2-mm = 0.02 cm

Now, the concentration of silicon at one surface containing  1 Sb atom per 10⁸ silicon atoms and at the outer surface that has 500 Sb atom per   10⁸ silicon atoms can be calculated as follows:

\frac{\delta_c}{\delta_c} = \frac{(1/10^8 -500/10^8)}{0.02cm} *100%

= - 0.0249% Sb/cm

b) The concentration (c_1) of Sb in atom/cm³ for the surface of 1 Sb atoms can be calculated by using the formula:

c_1 = \frac{(8 si atoms/unit cells)(1/10^3)}{(lattice parameter)^3/unit cell}

Lattice parameter = 5.4307 Å;  To cm ; we have

= 5.4307A^0* \frac{10^{-8}cm}{ A^0}

c_1 = \frac{(8 si atoms/unit cells)(1/10^8)}{(5.4307*10^{-8}cm)^3/unit cell}

= 0.00499*10^{17}atoms/cm^3

The concentration (c_2) of Sb in atom/cm³ for the surface of 500 Sb can be calculated as follows:

c_1 = \frac{(8 si atoms/unit cells)(500/10^8)}{(5.4307*10^{-8}cm)^3/unit cell}

   =  \frac{4*10^{-3}}{1.601*10^{-22}}

   = 2.4938*10^{17}atoms/cm^3

Finally, to calculate the concentration gradient

(\frac{\delta _c}{\delta_ x}) = \frac{c_1-c_2}{\delta_x}

(\frac{\delta _c}{\delta_ x}) = \frac{0.00499*10^{17}-2.493*10^{17}}{0.02}

= -1.2465 * 10^9 \frac{atoms}{cm^3.cm}

8 0
2 years ago
Acetone major species present when dissolved in water
jek_recluse [69]

Answer: acetone molecule ( CH₃-CO-CH₃)


Explanation:


1) Acetone is CH₃-CO-CH₃


2) That is a molecule (build up of covalent bonds).


3) When dissolved, covalent bonded compounds remain as separate molecules, then it is said that the major species present in the solution is the molecule. The molecules of acetone are surrounded (sovated) by the molecules of water.


This as opposed to the case of ionic compounds that ionize. When a compound as NaCl dissolves in water, it ionizes completely, so the major speceies are not NaCl formulas, but the ions Na⁺ and Cl⁻, not molecules.


That leads to the answer: the major species present when acetone is dissolved in water is the molecules of acetone (you do not need to state the fact that the molecules of water are part of the solution, because that is not the target of the question).



3 0
2 years ago
Ka, the acid dissociation constant, for an acid is 9 × 10^{−4} at room temperature. At this temperature, what is the approximate
devlian [24]
Dissociation=k×no of moles
percentage of dissociation=9.0×10^-4×1×100
knowing that x%=x/100,we then say;
x/100=9.0×10^-4×1×100
therefore, x=100×100×9×10^-4×1
x=9
x percentage of dissociation=9%
8 0
2 years ago
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