The number of degrees of freedom for the appropriate chi-square distribution in a test of independence is EQUAL TO THE SAMPLE SIZE, MINUS ONE. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Psychodynamics, also known as psychodynamic psychology, in its broadest sense, is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation.[1]
The term psychodynamics is also used by some to refer specifically to the psychoanalytical approach developed by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and his followers. Freud was inspired by the theory of thermodynamics and used the term psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (libido) in an organically complex brain.[2]
There are 4 different schools of thought regarding psychological treatment: Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, biological, and humanistic treatment. In the treatment of psychological distress, psychodynamic psychotherapy tends to be a less intensive, once- or twice-weekly modality than the classical Freudian psychoanalysis treatment of 3-5 sessions per week. Psychodynamic therapies depend upon a theory of inner conflict, wherein repressed behaviours and emotions surface into the patient’s consciousness; generally, one's conflict is subconscious.[3] Psychodynamic psychotherapies are considered outdated, compared to cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapies.
 
        
             
        
        
        
 Which of the following statements is not true regarding leadership and management? 
  Answers-  
Leaders are concerned with stability                                
 
        
             
        
        
        
The best answer would be (B.) During the 19th century.
One example of evolving race concepts in the 19th century is the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation.
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Answer:
The correct answer is: Social engineering
Explanation:
Social engineering is an art or a technique of psychological manipulation for the purpose of gathering sensitive information. It involves influencing an individual to reveal confidential information or perform certain actions. It can be also defined as a confidence trick for the purpose of fraud or gathering information.