Answer: CONFOUNDING VARIABLES
Step-by-step explanation: Confounding variables are
unexpected external factor that affects both variables of interest, confounding variables usually gives the false impression that changes in one variable leads to changes in the other variable, when, in Actual, it is the external factor that caused the change being investigated. Confounding variables usually leads to wrong conclusions during research and experiments and are capable of causing biased outcomes when the real cause and effect relationship is not determined.
Answer:
(a) PC(C)= 
(b) E[C] = 24 cents
Step-by-step explanation:
Given:
Cost to receive a photo = 20 cents
Cost to send a photo = 30 cents
Probability of receiving a photo = 0.6
Probability of sending a photo = 0.4
We need to find
(a) PC(c)
(b) E[C]
Solution:
(a)
PC(C)= 
(b)
Expected value can be calculated by multiplying probability with cost.
E[C] = Probability × cost
E[C] = 
Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
Consider the given matrix
![A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}9&-2&3\\2&17&0\\3&22&8\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A%3D%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D9%26-2%263%5C%5C2%2617%260%5C%5C3%2622%268%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
Let matrix B is
![B=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}b_{11}&b_{12}&b_{13}\\b_{21}&b_{22}&b_{23}\\b_{31}&b_{32}&b_{33}\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B%3D%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7Db_%7B11%7D%26b_%7B12%7D%26b_%7B13%7D%5C%5Cb_%7B21%7D%26b_%7B22%7D%26b_%7B23%7D%5C%5Cb_%7B31%7D%26b_%7B32%7D%26b_%7B33%7D%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
It is given that

![\left[\begin{array}{ccc}9&-2&3\\2&17&0\\3&22&8\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}b_{11}&b_{12}&b_{13}\\b_{21}&b_{22}&b_{23}\\b_{31}&b_{32}&b_{33}\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D9%26-2%263%5C%5C2%2617%260%5C%5C3%2622%268%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7Db_%7B11%7D%26b_%7B12%7D%26b_%7B13%7D%5C%5Cb_%7B21%7D%26b_%7B22%7D%26b_%7B23%7D%5C%5Cb_%7B31%7D%26b_%7B32%7D%26b_%7B33%7D%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
On comparing corresponding elements of both matrices, we get



Therefore, the required values are
.
600 ---> 250
600 - 250 = 350
350 / 5 = 70
Average decrease in value per year: $70