Question

A study was conducted on the effects of long-term marriage (more than 10 years). Researchers gathered data from a random sample of 4,563 adults and measured quite a few variables, in addition to the explanatory variable of marriage and the response variable of longer life span. According to a newspaper article summarizing the study, those in long-term marriages were more likely to be more physically active, at a healthy weight, and nonsmokers. Those who were not married were about 20% more likely to be deceased. What conclusion can we draw from this study? Explain.
We can infer a cause-and-effect relationship because the sample was selected randomly.

We cannot infer a cause-and-effect relationship because treatments were not assigned randomly.

We cannot infer a cause-and-effect relationship because we do not have a control group.

We can infer a cause-and-effect relationship because multiple variables were included.

We cannot infer a cause-and-effect relationship because the treatments imposed were not blocked correctly.

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct option is;

We cannot infer a cause and effect relationship because the multiple variables were included

Step-by-step explanation:

The criteria required in order to establish a cause and effect relationship includes the following;

1) There must be a temporal precedence between the cause and the effect such that the cause must take place before the effect

In the question, it is not clearly stated weather there was a divorce (the likely cause) takes place before the event

2) In the vent that the cause occurs, the effect must occur

Therefore, all those who are not married are expected to be deceased for there to be a cause and effect relationship

3) The cause and effect relationship must not be explicable by other factors

In the question, it is stated that those who were married were more likely to be active physically, maintain an healthy weight and were nonsmokers, which are factors that contribute to longevity.