Answer: 1) Percentage, Probability, Proportion
Step-by-step explanation:
In statistics,
▪Proportion means a fraction of the total.
▪Percentage means a number or a ratio, expressed as a fraction of 100. Here, the total is 100.
▪Probability which may look slightly different from the other two means a number between 0 and 1, showing the exact likelihood of an event happening. Which in context can mean, a number showing a fraction of an event happening out of the whole (0 to 1).
▪Critical value means a point in hypothesis testing on the test distribution that is compared to the test statistic to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
In the four definitions, the odd one out is Critical Value.
So the option without critical value in it is option 1) Percentage, Probability, Proportion since we can use the three interchangeable.
Answer:



Step-by-step explanation:
Step 1: Pythagoras Theorem
Pythagoras theorem relates the three sides of the triangle in such a way that the sum of the square of base and perpendicular is equal to hypotenuse, such as:

Step 2: Trigonometric Functions
Only for a right angle triangle following three trigonometric relations are valid



Step 3: Verifying all the possible answers
A: Since, LN = x and using 
we can calculate


therefore, NM = x (true)
B: As NM = x therefore it can not be equal to
.
C: Using Pythagoras Theorem



It can also be proved using trigonometric relation


As, 
Therefore

D and E:
Using same approach similar to part A
Since, LN = x and NM = x
we can calculate


Therefore,
and not equal to 
A=30000+0.03S and B=25000+0.05S.
When A=B, 5000=0.02S, so S=$250000 when the earnings are the same.
The slope of A is smaller than that of B. In excess of this value of S B pays more than A and below it A pays more than B.
So answer option B. (When S=0, clearly A is better than B. Put S=$300000, A pays $39000 and B pays $40000).