All but the first one, "Never purchase a warranty."
The briefcase is "mislaid property".
Mislaid property refers to a personal property that was purposefully set around its proprietor and afterward overlooked. For instance, a wallet that drops out of somebody's pocket is lost. A wallet coincidentally left on a table in an eatery is misplaced.
Answer: the contestants and observers thought the questioners were more knowledgeable than the contestants.
Explanation: Ross et al published a paper in the journal of personality and social psychology in 1977 titled
"Social Roles, Social Control, and Biases in Social-Perception Processes". They demonstrated that our actions and perceptions are determined by roles we have to play in interpersonal encounters; this is the biasing effect social roles have on performance.
In this instance the observers and the contestants perceived the questioners as having superior knowledge as the questioners were given latitude in how they frame the questions. Due to their social roles, the questioners were "the powerful" while the contestants and observers were "the powerless" playing out their roles and not taking into account the biasing effect.
If the roles were switched around, the outcome would still be the same with each group irrespective of their actual ability and knowledge.
Answer:
Mental representation
Explanation:
A hypothetical entity or mental imagery of things that is presumed to stand for perception, thought, memory during cognitive operations. E.g making a mental rough estimate of project.
The answer that best fits this definition is called Grouping
