The conduction of nerve impulses relies upon the movement of positively-charged ions across the nerve cell membrane. The entry of sodium into the cell produces a wave of positive charge that travels down the length of an axon. Then chemicals called neurotransmitters are secreted out of the end of the axon onto the next nerve in the series (the postsynpatic nerve). This narrow space in between neurons is called the synapse. These neurotransmiiters released by the presynaptic nerve bind to receptors on the postsynaptic nerve. The binding of these receptors opens up channels in this second nerve's membrane that allow sodium ions to enter the nerve cell and initiate another wave of positive charge, and so on... The nerve signal can only move as fast as these ions and neurotransmitters can diffuse to generate this process.
<span>As a professional athlete repeats a given activity many times over, the nerve cells "upregulate" their receptors, meaning that they produce additional receptors to put in the membrane. This is just a natural reaction to the nerve being repeatedly stimulated in the same way over and over. When neurotransmitter is secreted from the presynaptic neuron, there are more receptors on the postsynaptic neuron for it to bind, more channels open up, more ions enter in a shorter time and build up positive charge to create the impulse faster, and so the overall effect is faster. </span>
<span>Additionally, there are sheaths of fatty tissue (called myelin) that insulate the charge in the neuron and allow it to be conducted faster. As people age, these sheaths can start to degrade, making the nerve cell more "leaky" and causing the impulse to be conducted more slowly. </span>
The layer is the Mucosa layer.
Hope this helps!
-Payshence xoxo
Minerals which are good conductors of electricity are described below.
Explanation:
- metals tend to be highly efficient conductors of heat and electricity. The vast majority of elements on the periodic table are metals, and most of these fall into one of five families: alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; the very large transition metals family; and the inner transition metal families, known as the lanthanides and actinides.
- Metals are lustrous or shiny in appearance, and malleable or ductile, meaning that they can be molded into different shapes without breaking. Despite their ductility, metals are extremely durable and have high melting and boiling points. They are excellent conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to form positive ions by losing electrons.
PLATO
The US population most closely represents a clumped pattern, as humans are social animals who interact regularly. The United States has higher populations near major cities, which generally have more resources than rural areas.
The answer to this question would be: prostate glands
The term upper end is a bit ambiguous and it should be better to call it the proximal end of the urethra. The upper ends of the urethra, near the bladder, there is an organ called prostate. The prostate is a gland that only found in males as its function was to produce seminal fluid, make it a bit alkali.
