What type of roadway has the highest number of hazards per mile?
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Answer: f=150cm in water and f=60cm in air.
Explanation: Focal length is a measurement of how strong light is converged or diverged by a system. To find the variable, it can be used the formula:
= (nglass - ni)(
-
).
nglass is the index of refraction of the glass;
ni is the index of refraction of the medium you want, water in this case;
R1 is the curvature through which light enters the lens;
R2 is the curvature of the surface which it exits the lens;
Substituting and calculating for water (nwater = 1.3):
= (1.5 - 1.3)(
-
)
= 0.2(
)
f = = 150
For air (nair = 1):
= (1.5 - 1)(
-
)
f = = 60
In water, the focal length of the lens is f = 150cm.
In air, f = 60cm.
(a) Greater
The frequency of the nth-harmonic on a string is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, :
So we have:
- On wire A, the second-harmonic has frequency of , so the fundamental frequency is:
- On wire B, the third-harmonic has frequency of , so the fundamental frequency is
So, the fundamental frequency of wire A is greater than the fundamental frequency of wire B.
(b)
For standing waves on a string, the fundamental frequency is given by the formula:
where
v is the speed at which the waves travel back and forth on the wire
L is the length of the string
(c) Greater speed on wire A
We can solve the formula of the fundamental frequency for v, the speed of the wave:
We know that the two wires have same length L. For wire A, , while for wave B,
, so we can write the ratio between the speeds of the waves in the two wires:
So, the waves travel faster on wire A.