Question

Which part of a scientific argument must be supported by valid data? claim evidence reasoning theory

Answer 1

This question is a bit ambiguous because all parts of a scientific argument must be supported by valid data. However, among the choices, the closest synonym to "valid data" would be evidence. Evidence is the body of facts or information that support  a given idea.

Answer 2

Answer: Theory

Explanation: A claim is an interpretation based on the results of a given experiment, you first observe, and interpret the information.

Evidence is the valid data itself.

The reasoning is the approach or the "logic path" you used to reach some theory or claim.

The theory is an interpretation of the natural world, that explains why and or how some things work.

If we want to support a theory, we need to have some valid data that supports, at least, part of it, so the right answer here is theory.

Notice that claim also needs to be supported for valid data, but in the case of the claim you first get the data and then make the claim, and in the theory, the work is done in the other order.