I believe the answer is: An experiment
An experiment is a scientific procedures that conducted in order to proof a certain hypothesis that explain a certain event/phenomenon.
The measurement that used in an experiment must be objective and the conclusions should be made without a certain bias.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The correct option is option D
Explanation:
Based on the text, the patriot act of 2001, which expanded government surveillance measures in order to combat terrorism, is the statement the author most likely agree with.
The Patriot Act is a U.S. law enforcement to detect and deter terroris enacted shortly after 9/11 attack, this act allows the government to conduct widespread surveillance and obtain a secret court order requiring third parties, such as telephone companies, to hand over any personal information without the consent of the owner. This act violates the Fourth Amendment, which says the government cannot conduct a search without obtaining a warrant and showing probable cause to believe that the person has committed or will commit a crime.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Is there an attachment or more to the text?
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: (C)
Rats can learn to run complex mazes even without food rewards present.
Explanation:
Biological predisposition to learning is brought about by an internal inherited quality that increases the likelihood of having a condition or exhibiting a certain pattern of behavior.
It occurs in humans and animals and has to do with genes passed down from parents to children. 
In this case, the genetical makeup of the rats can cause them to learn to behave in a certain way over time.