Colligative properties are usually used in relation to solutions.
Colligative properties are those properties of solutions, which depend on the concentration of the solutes [molecules, ions, etc.] in the solutions and not on the chemical nature of those chemical species. Examples of colligative properties include: vapour pressure depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure, freezing point depression, etc.
For the question given above, the correct option is D. This is because the statement is talking about freezing point elevation, which is not part of colligative properties.
Thee question is incomplete; the complete question is;
Which elements do not strictly follow the octet rule when they appear in the Lewis structure of a molecule?
Select one or more:
A: Chlorine
B: Carbon
C: Hydrogen
D: Sulfur
E: Fluorine
F: Oxygen
Answer:
chlorine
sulphur
Explanation:
The octet rule states that, for atoms to be stable, they must have eight electrons on their outermost shells.
This rule is not strictly followed by some elements such as sulphur and chlorine. The atoms of these elements can sometimes expand their octet by utilizing the d-orbitals found in the third principal energy level and beyond.
These leads to formation of compounds in which the central atom has more than eight electrons in its outermost shell.
We first calculate for the number of moles of NaOH by dividing the given mass by the molar mass of NaOH which is equal to 40 g/mol. Solving,
moles of NaOH = (68.4 g/ 40 g/mol) = 1.71 moles NaOH
Then, we divide the calculate number of moles by the volume in liters.
molarity = (1.71 moles NaOH / 0.875 L solution)
molarity = 1.95 M
Some of the particles undergo a phase change and become a gas due to burning. An example would be CO2, which is lost in the air around/escapes into the atmosphere. Hope that helps!
