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Harrizon [31]
2 years ago
10

Acetone is one of the most important solvents in organic chemistry. It is used to dissolve everything from fats and waxes to air

plane glue and nail polish. At high temperatures, it decomposes in a first-order process to methane and ketene (CH2═C═O). At 600°C, the rate constant is 8.7 × 10^−3 s^−1.
a. What is the half-life of the reaction?
b. How much time is required for 32% of a sample of acetone to decompose?
c. How much time is required for 81% of a sample of acetone to decompose?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Yanka [14]2 years ago
4 0

Answer: a. 79.6 s

b. 44.3 s

c. 191 s

Explanation:

Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:

t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{a}{a-x}

where,

k = rate constant  

t = age of sample

a = let initial amount of the reactant  

a - x = amount left after decay process  

a) for completion of half life:

Half life is the amount of time taken by a radioactive material to decay to half of its original value.

t_{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{0.693}{k}

t_{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{0.693}{8.7\times 10^{-3}s^{-1}}=79.6s

b) for completion of 32% of reaction  

t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{100}{100-32}

t=\frac{2.303}{8.7\times 10^{-3}}\log\frac{100}{68}

t=44.3s

c) for completion of 81 % of reaction  

t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{100}{100-81}

t=\frac{2.303}{8.7\times 10^{-3}}\log\frac{100}{19}

t=191s

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Consider the following balanced thermochemical equation for a reaction sometimes used for H2S production:
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d. Heat is released from the reaction

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How many total ions are present in 347g of cacl2?
vladimir1956 [14]

In 1 mole of CaCl_{2}, there are 3 moles of ions, 1 mole of Ca^{2+} and 2 mole of Cl^{-1}.

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Molar mass of CaCl_{2} is 110.98 g/mol. Calculating number of moles from given mass as follows:

n=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{347 g}{110.98 g/mol}=3.12 mol

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Since, 1 mole of any substance has 6.023\times 10^{23} units of that substance where 6.023\times 10^{23}  is Avogadro's number.

Thus, 9.38 mol of ions will have 9.38\times 6.023\times 10^{23}=5.65\times 10^{24} number of ions.

Therefore, total number of ions in 347 g of CaCl_{2} is  5.65\times 10^{24}.


8 0
2 years ago
A galvanic cell employs the reaction Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) → Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) and NaNO3 is the salt used in the salt bridge. During t
sveta [45]

Answer:

b. Na+ leaves the salt bridge and enters enters the cathode

Explanation:

A galvanic cell or electrochemical cell depicts an oxidation -reduction half reactions (redox) reaction. it consists of two half cells ; one for the reduction reaction which involves the gain of electrons and the other for the oxidation reaction which involves the loss of electrons.  One half cell contains the anode and oxidation occurs at the anode while the other half cell contains the cathode and reduction occurs at the cathode. The anode is usually connected to the cathode, a salt bridge is added to complete the circuit and allow current to flow. The salt bridge serves as a counter ions, they do not interfere with the electrochemical reaction but provides a passage for the migration of ions thereby preventing the cells from reaching equilibrium too quickly and thus the electrons in the salt are able to move along with any electrons.

In this galvanic cell, Cu at the anode losses two electrons to become Cu2+, and the electrons moves from the anode to the cathode where Mg2+ gain these two electrons to become negatively charged. Positively charged ions in the salt brigde Na+ will move to the cathode to pick negatively charged ions from the cathode solution. this helps to remove the strong negative charge from the cathode and allows the electrons to continue to move to the cathode.

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This gas can be formed if a hydrogen bomb is detonated.
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Answer:

Helium.

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Hydrogen in the bomb is used in the process of detonation. A stream of tritium, an isotope of hydrogen is released and this fissionable material is very unstable thus it turns during the detonation to helium 3. This triggers a series of reactions that produce large amounts of heat to the surrounding environment causing destruction.

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