Answer:
d. The phosphate group added to ADP to make ATP comes from free inorganic phosphate ions.
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Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
Answer:
The correct statements are a, b and d. The incorrect statements are c and e.
Explanation:
Substrate level phosphorylation signifies the generation of ATP from ADP and a phosphorylated intermediate. On the other hand, in oxidative phosphorylation, the formation of ATP takes place from ADP and Pi, that is, an inorganic phosphate.
In substrate-level phosphorylation an enzyme is needed for the reaction to take place. In the process, a dissociation of bond takes place between an organic molecule and a phosphate prior to the formation of ATP. In this, one of the substrates is a molecule obtained from the dissociation of glucose.
In substrate-level phosphorylation, the enzyme taking part in the synthesis of ATP is not required to get attached to the membrane to generate ATP. The phosphate group, which is added to ADP to produce ATP does not come from free inorganic phosphate ions.
