Answer:
12.78 kJ
Explanation:
The correct balanced reaction would be

Mass of methanol = 
Moles of methanol can be obtained by dividing the mass of methanol with its molar mass 

Enthalpy change for the number of moles is given by


The change in enthalpy is 12.78 kJ.
<span>The half-life of a first-order reaction is determined as follows:
</span>t½<span>=ln2/k
From the equation, we can calculate the </span><span>first-order rate constant:
</span>k = (ln(2)) / t½ = 0.693 / 90 = 7.7 × 10⁻³
When we know the value of k we can then calculate concentration with the equation:
A₀ = 2 g/100 mL
t = 2.5 h = 150min
A = A₀ × e^(-kt) =2 × e^(-7.7 × 10⁻³ × 150) = 0.63 g / 100ml
= 6.3 × 10⁻⁴ mg / 100ml
Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.
See attached figure for the structure.
Vanillin have 3 functional groups:
1) aldehyde group: R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen
2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring
3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons
Now for the hybridization we have:
The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.
The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a <u>sp³</u> hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.