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1 year ago

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the __________.

Chemistry

1 answer:

AleksandrR [38]1 year ago

5 0

Answer:

Amino acids, along with glucose, are reabsorbed in the glomerular system with a passive or active mechanism as the fluid travels through the entire renal tubular system and enters the circulation again.

Active mechanisms are those that require expenditure of energy, that is, expenditure of the energy currency, while the passive ones do not, they occur through spontaneous non-energy processes such as osmosis, the osmotic gradient and the difference in concentrations in different compartments.

Explanation:

Glomerular filtration is the regulator of the excretion of metabolites and toxic molecules or not necessary for our body. That is why if the amino acid values are high as well as those of glucose in urine, we will be facing a pathology.

If glucose is increased, it is because there is a glycemic peak in blood volume, hence possible diabetes.

And if the amino acids are increased, we could be facing an autoimmune or proteolytic pathology where a large amount of body proteins such as muscle proteins would be breaking down and releasing the amino acids that make it up, this phenomenon usually appears in those people who suffer from rhabdomyolysis in expenses very intense energy sources not appropriate.

On the other hand, glomerular filtration occurs in the kidney and is carried out by the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney, within it there is a specific tubular system in collection, absorption and reabsorption, added to the presence of Bowman's capsule.

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Sulfur is composed of three isotopes: 32S, 33S, and 34S. The atomic masses of these isotopes are given below. 32S: 31.97207 amu

elena-14-01-66 [18.8K]

Answer:

Abundance of 32S is 94.41%

Explanation:

The average atomic mass is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of each isotope times its abundance:

Average atomic mass = ∑ Atomic mass istope*Abundance

For the sulfur:

32.07amu = 31.97207X + 32.97146Y + 33.96786*0.0422 (1)

Where X is abundance of 32S and Y abundance of 33S

Also we can write:

1 = X + Y + 0.0422 (2)

0.9578 - X = Y

Because the sum of the abundances = 1

Replacing (2) in (1):

32.07amu = 31.97207X + 32.97146(0.9578 - X) + 33.96786*0.0422

32.07 = 31.97207X + 31.58006 - 32.97146X + 1.43344

-0.9435 = -0.99939X

0.9441 =X

In percentage, abundance of 32S is 94.41%

3 0

1 year ago

Express each aqueous concentration in the unit indicated.

MAXImum [283]

Answer:

a. ppb of trichloroethylene = 3 × 10⁶ ppb

b. ppm of Cl₂ = 3.8 ppm

c. Molarity = 0.0002 mol / L

d. Molarity = 0.0007 mol / L

e. For trace amount of concentrations

Explanation:

a. Given data

mass of trichloroethylene = 25 mg

Volume of water = 9.5 L

ppb of trichloroethylene = ?

Solution

As we know that

1 L = 1000 milliliters

9.5 L = 9.5 × 1000

9.5 L = 9500 millileters (ml)

we consider 25 mg = 25 millileters

ppb = (mass of solute / mass of solvent) × 1000,000,000 (1 billion)

ppb of trichloroethylene = (25 ÷ 9500) × 1000,000,000

ppb of trichloroethylene = 0.003 × 1000,000,000

ppb of trichloroethylene = 3 × 10⁶ ppb

B. Given data

Mass of Cl₂ = 38 g

volume of water = 1.00 × 10⁴ L ( 10000 L)

ppm of Cl₂ = ?

Solution

Volume of water in ml = 1 L = 1000 ml

Volume of water in ml = 10000 × 1000

Volume of water in ml = 10000000 ml

we take 38 g = 38 ml

Now we convert it to ppm

ppm = (mass of solute / mass of solvent) × 1000000 (1 million)

ppm of Cl₂ = ( 38 ÷ 10000000 ) × 1000000

ppm of Cl₂ = 0.0000038 × 1000000

ppm of Cl₂ = 3.8 ppm

C. Given data

Concentration of F⁻ ( Fluoride ion) = 2.4 ppm

Molarity = ?

Solution

As we know that 1 ppm = 0.001 g / L

2.4 ppm = 2.4 × 0.001 g/L

2.4 ppm = 0.0024 g/L

Mass of flouride ions = 0.0024 g

Now we find number of moles

moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass of F⁻ = 19 g/mol

moles of F⁻ = 0.0024 g / 19 g/mol

moles of F⁻ = 0.0002 mol

Molarity = mol of solute / liter of solution

Molarity = 0.0002 mol / 1 L

Molarity = 0.0002 mol / L

D. Given data

Concentration of NO₃⁻ ( nitrate ion) = 45 ppm

Molarity = ?

Solution

As we know that 1 ppm = 0.001 g / L

45 ppm = 45 × 0.001 g/L

45 ppm = 0.045 g/L

Mass of nitrate ions = 0.045 g

Now we find number of moles

moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass of NO₃⁻ = 62 g/mol

moles of NO₃⁻ = 0.045 g / 62 g/mol

moles of F⁻ = 0.0007 mol

Molarity = mol of solute / liter of solution

Molarity = 0.0007 mol / 1 L

Molarity = 0.0007 mol / L

E. Reason of expressing concentration in ppm and ppb

Scientist prefer ppm and ppb notations when the concentration difference of solute and solvent are very high.

As water contains contaminants is a very low amount we can say in trace amounts so scientist prefer ppm and ppb rather than molarity.

Example

Arcenic is an under ground water contaminant and its concentration of 10 μg/L is dangerous for health.

Lets change this in to molarity

mass = 10 μg

10 μg = 10 / 1000000

10 μg = 0.00001 g

now find out moles of Arcenic

moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass of arcenic = 75 g/mol

moles = mass / molar mass

moles of arcenic = 0.00001 g / 75 g/mol

moles of arcenic = 0.00000012 mol

Molarity = moles of solute / litres of solution

Molarity = 0.00000012 mol / 1 L

Molarity = 0.00000012 mol/ L

As we can see that in molarity it is a negligible amount so scientists express it in ppm and ppb

7 0

2 years ago

What is the difference in height between the top surface of the glycerin and the top surface of the alcohol? Suppose that the de

Snezhnost [94]

Here is the full question

Glycerin is poured into an open U-shaped tube until the height in both sides is 20 cm. Ethyl alcohol is then poured into one arm until the height of the alcohol column is 10 cm. The two liquids do not mix.

What is the difference in height between the top surface of the glycerin and the top surface of the alcohol? Suppose that the density of glycerin is 1260 kg/m3and the density of alcohol is 790 kg/m3.

Express your answer in two significant figures and include the appropriate units (in cm)

Answer:

ΔH ≅ 3.73 cm

Explanation:

The pressure inside a liquid is known as hydrostatic pressure and which is represent by the formula:

P = ρ × g × h

where;

ρ is the density of the fluid

g is the gravitational constant

h is the height from the surface

From the question above;

For glycerine; we have: