The advantage of having large vertebrae at the base of the vertebral column is having stability in terms of the center of gravity of the animal. If the animal has a large vertebrae, then it has an excellent balance and strength.
Explanation:
A polymer forms because the hydrocarbon joins with itself in a polymerization reaction.
S, sulfur does not have a noble gas electron.
A. 1.01 is the right answer
Since
The formula is Pv= nRT
P=1 atm
V= 22.4 L
N= x
r= 0.0821
t = 273 k (bc it’s standard temperature)
So (1)(22.4)=(x)(0.0821)(273)
X= 1.001
N₀ is the number of C-14 atoms per kg of carbon in the original sample at time = Os when its carbon was of the same kind as that present in the atmosphere today. After time ts, due to radioactive decay, the number of C-14 atoms per kg of carbon is the same sample which has decreased to N. λ is the radioactive decay constant.
Therefore N = N₀e-λt which is the radioactive decay equation,
N₀/N = eλt In (N₀.N= λt. This is the equation 1
The mass of carbon which is present in the sample os mc kg. So the sample has a radioactivity of A/mc decay is/kg. r is the mass of C-14 in original sample at t= 0 per total mass of carbon in a sample which is equal to [(total number of C-14 atoms in the sample at t m=m 0) × ma]/ total mass of carbon in the sample.
Now that the total number of C-14 atoms in the sample at t= 0/ total mass of carbon in sample = N₀ then r = N₀×ma
So N₀ = r/ma. this equation 2.
The activity of the radioactive substance is directly proportional to the number of atoms present at the time.
Activity = A number of decays/ sec = dN/dt = λ(number of atoms of C-14 present at time t) =
λ₁(N×mc). By rearranging we get N = A/(λmc) this is equation 3.
By plugging in equation 2 and 3 and solve t to get
t = 1/λ In (rλmc/m₀A).
