Answer:
Explanation:
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In this case, since the chemical reaction between copper and nitric acid is:
By starting with 0.80 g of copper metal (molar mass = 63.54 g/mol) and considering the 1:1 mole ratio between copper and copper (II) nitrate (molar mass = 187.56 g/mol) we can compute that mass via stoichiometry as shown below:
However, the real reaction between copper and nitric acid releases nitrogen oxide, yet it does not modify the calculations since the 1:1 mole ratio is still there:
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Answer:
Kinetic energy is transferred from the leg to the soccer ball.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
The<em> energy of a photon</em>, E, can be calculated with the Planck-Einstein equation:
Where:
- h is Planck's constant 6.626×10⁻³⁴ J.s, and
- f is the frequency of the photon or electromagnetic radiation.
Substituting with your data:
Now multiply by Avogadro's number to obtain the energy of one mole of photons:
Answer:
A) ∆Suniv >0, ∆G<0, T∆Suniv >0.
Explanation:
The connection between entropy and the spontaneity of a reaction is expressed by the <u>second law of thermodynamics</u><u>: The entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process</u>.
Mathematically, we can express the second law of thermodynamics as follows:
For a spontaneous process: ΔSuniv = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr > 0
Therefore, the second law of thermodynamics tells us that a spontaneous reaction increases the entropy of the universe; that is, ΔSuniv > 0.
If we want spontaneity expressed only in terms of the properties of the system (ΔHsys and ΔSsys), we use the following equation:
-TΔSuniv = ΔHsys - TΔSsys < 0
That means that T∆Suniv >0.
This equation says that for a process carried out at constant pressure and temperature T, if the changes in enthalpy and entropy of the system are such that <u>ΔHsys - TΔSsys is less than zero, the process must be spontaneous.</u>
Finally, if the change in free energy is less than zero (ΔG<0), the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.
The Lewis structure of PF3 shows that the central phosphorus atom has one non bonding and three bonding electron pairs. In this compound each Phosphorus atom contributes 5 valence electrons while each fluoride contributes 7 valence electrons making a total of 26 valence electrons. The central Phosphorus atom forms single bonds with each of the fluoride atoms. Phosphorus, therefore ends up with a non-bonding pair since the fluoride atoms already have 8 electrons around them. <span />
