answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
ale4655 [162]
2 years ago
11

You look at the label on a container of shortening and see the words "hydrogenated vegetable oil." this means that during proces

sing, the number of carbon–carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. what is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?
Chemistry
2 answers:
Arisa [49]2 years ago
6 0
  • Increase in melting point;
  • Trans- arrangements of side chains around double bonds that remains in the hydrogenated fat.

Explanation:

Vegetable oil contain significantly more double bonds than animal fat such as butter does. Unlike carbon-carbon single bonds, structures connected to carbon-carbon double bonds are unable to rotate around the bonding axis. As a result, molecules rich in double bonds aren't as malleable or stack as tightly as those with a small number of double bonds do. The spacy molecular configuration hinders the formation of intermolecular forces, such that in nature in comparison with animal fats, vegetable <em>oils</em> tend to demonstrate lower melting points.

Hydrogenating vegetable oils reduce the number of double bonds per molecule while attaching extra hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms that used to form double bonds. This process would increase the strength of intermolecular interaction, hence raising the melting point.

The hydrogenation process does not necessary convert <em>all</em> double bonds to single bonds; some double bonds remains in the molecule, preventing the rotation of structures on their sides. Double bonds in unprocessed fatty acids tend to be of the cis- configuration, with hydrogen atoms connected to the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond. The high temperature involved in the hydrogenation process (around 90 degrees Celsius) can trigger the flipping of atoms connected to these double bonds to produce trans- fatty acids with hydrogen atoms bonded to opposite sides of the double bond.

Leya [2.2K]2 years ago
5 0
  • Increase in melting point;
  • Trans- arrangements of side chains around double bonds that remains in the hydrogenated fat.

Explanation:

Vegetable oil contain a larger ratio of double bonds among all its carbon-carbon bonds than animal fat such as butter does. Unlike carbon-carbon single bonds, structures connected to carbon-carbon double bonds are unable to rotate around the bonding axis. As a result, molecules rich in double bonds aren't as malleable or stack as tightly as those with a smaller number of double bonds do. The spacy molecular configuration hinders the formation of intermolecular forces, such that in nature in comparison with animal fats, vegetable <em>oils</em> tend to demonstrate lower melting points.

Hydrogenating vegetable oils reduce the number of double bonds per molecule while attaching extra hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms that used to form double bonds. This process would increase the strength of intermolecular interaction, hence raising the melting point.

The hydrogenation process does not necessary convert <em>all</em> double bonds to single bonds; some double bonds remains in the molecule, preventing the rotation of structures on their sides. Double bonds in naturally-occuring fatty acids tend to be of the cis- configuration, with hydrogen atoms connected to the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond. The high temperature involved in the hydrogenation process (around 90 degrees Celsius) can trigger the flipping of atoms connected to these double bonds to produce trans- fatty acids with hydrogen atoms bonded to opposite sides of the double bond.

You might be interested in
Zinc and magnesium metal each reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chloride salts of the respective metals, and hydrogen gas. a
kirill115 [55]
M=11.20 g
m(H₂)=0.6854 g
M(H₂)=2.016 g/mol
M(Mg)=24.305 g/mol
M(Zn)=65.39 g/mol
w-?

m(Mg)=wm
m(Zn)=(1-w)m

Zn + 2HCl = ZnCl₂ + H₂
m₁(H₂)=M(H₂)m(Zn)/M(Zn)=M(H₂)(1-w)m/M(Zn)

Mg + 2HCl = MgCl₂ + H₂
m₂(H₂)=M(H₂)m(Mg)/M(Mg)=M(H₂)wm/M(Mg)

m(H₂)=m₁(H₂)+m₂(H₂)
m(H₂)=M(H₂)(1-w)m/M(Zn)+M(H₂)wm/M(Mg)=M(H₂)m{(1-w)/M(Zn)+w/M(Mg)}

m(H₂)=M(H₂)m{(1-w)/M(Zn)+w/M(Mg)}

(1-w)/M(Zn)+w/M(Mg)=m(H₂)/{M(H₂)m}

1/M(Zn)-w/M(Zn)+w/M(Mg)=m(H₂)/{M(H₂)m}

w(1/M(Mg)-1/M(Zn))=m(H₂)/{M(H₂)m}-1/M(Zn)

w=[m(H₂)/{M(H₂)m}-1/M(Zn)]/(1/M(Mg)-1/M(Zn))

w=0.583 (58.3%)
5 0
2 years ago
Which is stronger - the attractive forces between water molecules and chromium and chloride ions, or the combined ionic bond str
Allisa [31]
Out of the two, the forces between water molecules and chromium and chloride ions is greater. This is proven by the fact that chromium chloride is slightly soluble in water, about 565 grams per liter.
In order for a substance to be soluble, the attraction of the ions to the water molecules must exceed the attraction between its own molecules and the water molecules.
3 0
2 years ago
A water molecule is composed of a large oxygen atom bonded to two small hydrogen atoms. Which of the following would make the be
sleet_krkn [62]

The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the third choice or letter C.

The best model of a water <span>molecule would be: </span><span>Two small, plastic balls attached to a larger plastic ball by toothpicks</span>

I hope my answer has come to your help. Thank you for posting your question here in Brainly. We hope to answer more of your questions and inquiries soon. Have a nice day ahead!
5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Recording station x has determined that the epicenter of a recent earthquake was 250 km away. no information is available yet fr
KatRina [158]
The epicenter was located somewhere on a circle centered at Recording station X, with a radius of 250 km.<span>
</span>
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which of the following species contains manganese with the highest oxidation number?
ioda

In NaMnO₄, Mn has the highest oxidation number.

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Which of the following species contains manganese with the highest oxidation number?

A) Mn

B) MnF₂

C) Mn₃(PO₄)₂

D) MnCl₄

E) NaMnO₄

In order to ascertain the specie that contains manganese with the highest oxidation number, we must calculate the oxidation number of manganese in each of the species one after the other.

1) For Mn, the oxidation number of Mn is zero because the atom is uncombined.

2) For MnF₂;

Mn has an oxidation number of +2

3) For Mn₃(PO₄)₂

Mn has an oxidation number of +2

4) For MnCl₄

Mn has an oxidation number of +4

5) For NaMnO₄

Mn has an oxidation number of +7

Hence in NaMnO₄, Mn has the highest oxidation number.

Learn more: brainly.com/question/10079361

7 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • X-ray photons with a wavelength of 0.135 nm . express the energy numerically in kilojoules per mole.
    7·2 answers
  • In this scenario a battery is used to supply chemical potential energy. The potential energy is transformed and produces kinetic
    7·2 answers
  • Andrea is performing an experiment in which she needs to know when a strong acid is present. She is not sure which indicator to
    15·2 answers
  • The electron dot structure for CI is
    7·2 answers
  • A gas of potassium chlorate molecules KClO3 all decompose into potassium chloride, KCl, and diatomic oxygen, O2. The products an
    9·1 answer
  • For the Bradford assay, the instructor will make a Bradford reagent dye by mixing 50 ml of 95% v/v ethanol with 100 mg of Coomas
    6·1 answer
  • Consider the following hypothetical reaction: 2 P + Q → 2 R + S The following mechanism is proposed for this reaction: P + P Q
    11·1 answer
  • The force that keeps the nucleons bound inside the nucleus of an atom
    5·2 answers
  • 2. The model on the right looks bumpy, but when you break a large salt crystal in two, the edges of the split often look straigh
    6·2 answers
  • Which of the following descriptions best describes a weak base?
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!